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[目的]研究女性乳腺癌的危险因素。[方法]在重庆市进行了首次1：1流行病学病例对用研究。[结果]多因素条件Logistic回归分析显示了下列因素对乳腺癌的影响：女性初期年龄（OR＝0．79.95％CI＝0.67-0．92），月经紊乱史（OR＝1.47，95％CI＝1．07-2.02），高龄初产（OR＝1．55，95％CI＝1．20-1.98），乳腺良性疾病史（OR＝2．33，95％CI＝1．02-5.33），肿瘤家族史（OR＝1．61，95％CI＝1．27-2．08），长期生活精神刺激因素（OR＝2．55，95％CI＝1.19-5．44）和被动吸烟史（OR＝2.22，95％CI＝1.37-3.59）.[结论]女性初潮年龄与乳腺癌发生应呈负相关，而月经紊乱，高龄初产，乳腺良性疾病史，肿瘤家族史，长期生活精神刺激因素和被动吸烟是乳腺癌的高危因素。
[Objective] To study the risk factors of female breast cancer. [Methods] The first 1:1 epidemiological case study was conducted in Chongqing City. [Results] Multivariate conditional logistic regression analysis revealed the following factors affecting breast cancer: initial female age (OR = 0.79.95% CI = 0.67-0.92), history of menstrual disorders (OR = 1.47, 95% CI = 1.07-2.02), Old age (OR=1.55, 95%CI=1.20-1.98), History of benign breast disease (OR=2.33, 95%CI=1.02-5.33), Family history of cancer (OR=1.61, 95%CI=1.27-2.08), long-term life-stimulating factors (OR=2.55, 95%CI=1.19-5.44) and history of passive smoking ( OR = 2.22, 95% CI = 1.37-3.59). [Conclusion] The age of menarche in women should be negatively correlated with the occurrence of breast cancer. Menstrual disorders, first-year births at high age, history of benign breast disease, family history of cancer, long-term life-stimulating factors Passive smoking is a risk factor for breast cancer.