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在含钙的、质地中等的冲积土上,于两个生长季节进行了棉花田间试验,研究了氮、磷肥的用量,施肥方法和氮肥施用时间对棉花产量、质量和肥料利用率的影响。第一个试验每公顷施 N50公斤处理和第二个试验每公顷施 N120公斤处理,增加了籽棉产量。第一个试验,由于雨水不正常,造成营养生长过旺,成熟时间延迟,高氮肥使籽棉产量下降。在播种期和开花早期分次施用氮肥,稍优越于播种期一次施肥或播种期、开花早期和果实形成初期分次施肥。在开花期增施氮肥,显著降低棉花产量。与撒施比较,条施氮肥和磷肥显著地增加了植株高度。然而,施肥方法对籽棉产量没有显著影响。增加 N、P 的施用量,对棉花质量基本上没有影响。植株地上部从肥料获得的 P 的含量在1.2—2.4%的小范围内变动,而且不受不同处理的影响。棉花对不同类型氮肥的利用率是较高的,对硝态氮的利用率显著地高于氨态氮。
In a calcareous, medium-texture alluvial soil, cotton field experiments were conducted in two growing seasons. The effects of nitrogen and phosphate fertilizer application rates, fertilization methods and nitrogen application time on cotton yield, quality and fertilizer utilization efficiency were studied. The first test treated N50 kg per hectare and the second tested N120 kg per hectare increased the seed cotton yield. The first experiment, due to abnormal rainfall, resulting in overgrowth of vegetative growth, maturation time delay, high nitrogen fertilizer seed cotton yield. In the sowing and early flowering application of nitrogen fertilizer, slightly better than the sowing time of a fertilization or sowing, early flowering and fruit formation in the early stages of fertilization. The application of nitrogen fertilizer in the flowering stage, significantly reduce the cotton yield. Compared with the application, the application of nitrogen and phosphate fertilizer significantly increased plant height. However, fertilization methods have no significant effect on seed cotton yield. Increasing the N, P application rate had no effect on cotton quality. The content of P obtained from the fertilizer in the aerial part of the plant varied within a small range of 1.2-2.4% and was not affected by the different treatments. Cotton utilization of different types of nitrogen fertilizer is higher, the utilization of nitrate nitrogen was significantly higher than ammonia nitrogen.