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目的:了解河北省病毒性脑炎流行特征。方法:收集2018—2019年河北省6家哨点医院符合监测病例定义的就诊病例信息，采集急性期血清和脑脊液标本，对所有血清标本检测8种常见病毒IgM抗体，对检测阴性病例的脑脊液标本用real-time PCR方法检测相应病原。结果:2018—2019年共检测病毒性脑炎病例798例，病原阳性的病例213例，检出率为26.69%。主要病原体是腮腺炎病毒和单纯疱疹病毒。病毒性脑炎全年均有发病，5—9月发病数占全年的56.34%（450/798）。腮腺炎病毒和单纯疱疹病毒引起的脑炎无明显的季节性，乙脑病毒和肠道病毒引起的脑炎多发生于夏秋季，风疹病毒引起的脑炎发生在2—7月。病毒性脑炎病原检出阳性病例主要集中在儿童，其中6~10岁年龄组检出率最高。乙脑病毒引起的脑炎20岁以上患者占51.61%。结论:腮腺炎病毒和单纯疱疹病毒是引起河北省病毒性脑炎的主要病原。应加强病毒性脑炎的监测，做到早诊断、早治疗。“,”Objective:To investigate the epidemic characteristics of viral encephalitis in Hebei province from 2008 to 2009.Methods:Data of viral encephalitis cases from 2018 to 2019 in 6 sentinel hospitals as well as serum and cerebrospinal fluid samples of the acute phase were collected. All serum samples were tested for IgM antibodies of 8 common viruses that cause encephalitis. Real-time PCR was applied for the detection of pathogens in cerebrospinal fluid samples with negative results.Results:From 2018 to 2019, a total of 798 cases of viral encephalitis were detected. Two hundred and thirteen samples were positive for pathogens and the detection rate was 26.69%. The main pathogens were mumps virus and herpes simplex virus. Viral encephalitis occurred throughout the year, and the cases from May to September accounted for 56.34% (450/798). No obvious seasonality was observed in encephalitis caused by mumps virus and herpes simplex virus. Encephalitis caused by Japanese encephalitis virus and enterovirus mostly occurred in summer and autumn. Encephalitis caused by rubella virus occurred mainly from February to July. Positive cases of viral encephalitis were mainly concentrated in children and the highest detection rate was in 6-10 year old group. Japanese encephalitis patients mainly occurred in over 20 years old group, accounted for 51.61%.Conclusions:Mumps virus and herpes simplex virus were the main pathogens of viral encephalitis in Hebei province. Surveillance of viral encephalitis should be enhanced for early diagnosis and treatment for patients.