论文部分内容阅读
三、技术创新机制 对技术创新机制的研究和实践仍在发展中,本文只就技术创新的动力模式、过程、类型及有效载体作一介绍。 1.技术创新动力模式 多数学者认为技术创新的动力有三种,即技术推动、市场拉引和综合作用。技术推动模式指该类创新首先有科技上的新发展,然后导致商业上的应用,其起点是基础研究,如抗生素、尼龙、半导体元件等。市场拉引模式指主要由于市场需求,推动了研究开发工作,引起了技术创新,如彩色电视机、洗衣机、工业工艺创新等。综合模式是上述两类综合作用的结果。据有的学者1988年对加拿大900多个企业调查后发现,三种技术创新模式被采用的比率分别为18％、26％、56％。一般市场拉引模式由于对市场需求的目标明确,多数情况下是借助于改进或综合现有技术来完成创新过程,成功
Third, technological innovation mechanism Research and practice of technological innovation mechanism are still under development. This paper only introduces the motivation model, process, type and effective carrier of technological innovation. 1. Motivation model of technological innovation Most scholars believe that there are three kinds of motivation for technological innovation, that is, technology, market pull and the integrated role. Technology promotion model refers to the first of these innovations in science and technology, new developments, and then lead to commercial applications, its starting point is basic research, such as antibiotics, nylon, semiconductor components. Market pull mode refers to mainly due to market demand, promoting research and development work, causing technological innovation, such as color TV sets, washing machines, industrial process innovation. Comprehensive model is the result of the above two kinds of comprehensive effect. According to some scholars’ surveys of more than 900 enterprises in Canada in 1988, they found that the proportions of the three technological innovation modes were 18%, 26% and 56% respectively. General market pull mode Because of the clear market demand goals, in most cases by means of improving or integrating the existing technology to complete the innovation process, the success