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试验表明:节荚数多,节粒数多,节粒重和粒茎比值高是高产品种最显著的增产性状,其中提高粒茎比值是大豆产量增长的主要潜力。其形态性状表现在高产品种株高大幅度降低,节间也有明显的缩短,主茎节数也平均减少12.32％。至于茎杆重量,植株过高,茎重过大是减产因素。对于病毒病的抗性是高产稳产性状。光合效率,高产品种平均增加9.23％,血与株粒重,株茎重无关。然而一个重要的事实是:高、中、低产三组品种的株茎、粒重(合计)却几乎完全相等。通径分析表明,株芝重、株高对粒茎比值有较大的直接负向作用。株粒重虽为正向作用,其值很小,主要通过株高、株茎重间接影响粒茎比值的大小。表明光合产物能否经济有效的用于籽粒构成,是造成产量差异的重要原因。 本研究试图分析比较不同产量水平的大豆性状组成,性状差异,性状改进和诸多器官的协调平衡关系。以求得从理论和实践上揭示大豆增产途径,明确高产性状结构,为高产育种提供依据。
The results showed that the number of pods, the number of stalks, the ratio of grain weight to grain weight and stalk ratio were the most significant yield-increasing traits in high-yielding varieties. The increase of stalk-stalk ratio was the main potential for the increase of soybean yield. Its morphological traits showed that the height of high-yielding varieties significantly decreased, the internodes also significantly shortened, and the number of main stems also decreased by an average of 12.32%. As for the weight of stems, plants too high, excessive stem weight is a reduction factor. Resistance to viral disease is high and stable yield traits. Photosynthetic efficiency, high-yield varieties increased by an average of 9.23%, blood and grain weight, plant stem weight has nothing to do. However, one important fact is that the plant stems and grain weights (total) of the three groups of high, medium and low yield are almost equal. Path analysis showed that strains of Zhizhizhizhi had a greater negative direct effect on the ratio of grain-stem to plant height. Although the grain weight is a positive effect, its value is small, mainly through plant height, plant stem weight indirect impact on the size of the grain stem ratio. The results showed that the photosynthetic products can be used economically and efficiently for the grain composition, which is the main reason for the difference in yield. This study attempted to analyze and compare the composition of soybean traits at different yield levels, the differences in traits, the improvement of traits and the coordination and balance of many organs. In order to reveal the theory and practice of ways to increase soybean yield, clear high yield traits, provide the basis for breeding of high yield.