目前,中国沿海发达地区经济迅猛发展,广大农民已由温饱奔向小康,但内地特别是内陆山区仍存在大片的贫困地区。由于资源低度开发.乡村经济落后。群众生活困难.人口-资源-环境矛盾日趋激化.严重制约了贫困地区资源开发与乡村经济的发展。本文选取河北省重点扶持的山区贫困县——滦平县,运用系统论和资源经济学、发展经济学、生态经济学的理论与方法,从乡村社会经济系统的整体性、结构性和层次性出发,对滦平县资源开发与乡村经济发展进行了实证研究。文章共分五部分。第一部分简要介绍了 At present, the economy in the developed coastal areas of China is growing at a rapid pace. The vast number of peasants have already moved from adequate food and clothing to well-being. However, there are still vast areas of poverty in the hinterland, especially in the hinterland. Due to low resource development, rural economy is backward. The people’s life is difficult, and the population, resources and environment conflicts are intensifying each day, severely restricting the development of resources and the development of rural economy in poor areas. This paper chooses Luanping County, a mountainous poverty-stricken counties mainly supported by Hebei Province, uses the theories and methods of system theory and resource economics to develop economics and ecological economics. From the perspective of the integrity, structure and hierarchy of rural social economy system, Departure, the Luanping County, resource development and rural economic development conducted an empirical study. The article is divided into five parts. The first part briefly introduced