对于一个特定的病人,如何拟订最适的给药方案是复杂而重要的问题。为使药物治疗既安全又有效,大致要从三方面来考虑:第一,要考虑所用药物的活性和毒性,即关于药物如何作用于身体的那些因素,确定中毒量、最小治疗量、治疗指数等;第二,考虑所用药物的体内动力学特性,即关于身体对药物如何处置(包括吸收、分布、代谢、排泄等)的问题;第三,考虑临床因素,包括病人的年龄、体重、有关的临床状况以及治疗方案的方便性和可接受性问题。既然一个具体的给药方案取决于多方面的因素,那么 For a particular patient, how to formulate the optimal dosage regimen is a complex and important issue. In order to make the drug treatment both safe and effective, there are generally three aspects to consider: First, we must consider the activity and toxicity of the drug used, that is, the factors on how the drug acts on the body to determine the amount of poisoning, the minimum amount of treatment, the therapeutic index Second, consider the in vivo kinetics of the drug used, ie, questions about how the body treats the drug (including absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, etc.). Third, consider the clinical factors, including the patient’s age, weight, The clinical condition and the convenience and acceptability of the treatment regimen. Since a specific dosing regimen depends on many factors, then