观察155例尸体,甲状腺最下动脉出现率为13.5%,头臂干为常见起点。占73.9%。根据该动脉的分支、行径和供应甲状腺情况分为混合型(56.5%)、右优势型(30.4%)和左优势型(13.0%)。该动脉在气管前方上行,特别是混合型于气管前正中和左优势型斜越气管前方,在颈前部手术时应充分注意该动脉的存在。 155 cases were observed, the incidence of the thyroid lowermost artery was 13.5%, and the brachial trunk was a common starting point. Accounting for 73.9%. According to the artery branching, pathology and thyroid supply is divided into mixed type (56.5%), right dominant type (30.4%) and left dominant type (13.0%). The artery goes up in front of the trachea, especially the mixed type in front of the trachea and in front of the left superior oblique tracheal tube. In the anterior cervical surgery, full attention should be paid to the existence of the artery.