议论文中常用比喻的方法把抽象的道理具体化,把深奥的道理通俗化,以增强文章的生动性和说服力。《放下包袱,开动机器》、《批评和自我批评》这两篇议论文中,用了不少比喻,但比喻的性质和作用却有明显区别,教学中应该引导学生分辨清楚。《放下包袱,开动机器》一文,用比喻的方法提出中心论点。开头说:“为了争取新的胜利,要在党的干部中间提倡放下包袱和开动机器。”结尾说:“如果我们既放下了包袱,又开动了机器,既是轻装,又会思索,那我们就会胜利。”一头一尾,两个借喻,前后一贯,观点鲜明,语言既形象鲜明,又简炼生动。为了阐述这个中心论点,文章用了两 Papers commonly used metaphorical approach to the concrete truth of the abstraction, the esoteric truth popularization, to enhance the vividness and persuasion of the article. There are quite a few metaphors used in these two essays, “Putting Down Burden, Starting a Machine,” “Criticizing and Criticizing Self-criticism.” However, there are obvious differences in the nature and role of metaphors. Students should be guided clearly in teaching. “Put down the burden, start the machine,” a textual metaphor, put forward the central argument. At the beginning, “In order to win new victories, we must advocate putting down the burden and starting the machine among the Party cadres.” At the end, he said: “If we have laid down the burden and started the machine, both light and thinking, then we Will win. ”One after another, two metaphors, consistent before and clear point of view, the language is both vivid and concise vivid. To illustrate this central thesis, the article used two