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目的:分析2005至2015年重庆市围产儿出生缺陷发生情况,为减少出生缺陷制定预防保健措施提供科学依据。方法:对2005至2015年出生的妊娠满28孕周至产后7 d的围产儿出生缺陷进行监测,观察出生缺陷发生的动态变化情况。结果:2005至2015年重庆市医院监测围产儿出生缺陷12 748例,发生率为99.94/万,年度间出生缺陷发生率比较差异有统计学意义(χ2=128.059,P=0.000)。男性出生缺陷发生率为110.04/万,而女性发生率为88.70/万;年龄<20岁产妇组、20~35岁产妇组、年龄≥35岁产妇组平均出生缺陷发生率分别为108.07/万、95.78/万、122.03/万。2015年出生缺陷前5位病种是先天性心脏病(18.63/万)、多指(趾)(15.04/万)、总唇裂(5.39/万)、并指(趾)(4.27/万)、小耳(包括无耳)(3.82/万)。结论:全市围产儿出生缺陷发生情况不容乐观,尤其是先天性心脏病等疾病的发生率仍然较高,需要多方面措施综合干预才能降低出生缺陷发生。
OBJECTIVE: To analyze the incidence of birth defects in perinatal infants in Chongqing from 2005 to 2015 and provide a scientific basis for the development of preventive measures to reduce birth defects. Methods: The birth defects of babies born from 2005 to 2015 during the 28 gestational weeks of pregnancy to 7 days after birth were observed. The dynamic changes of birth defects were observed. Results: From 2005 to 2015, 12 748 cases of perinatal birth defects were detected in Chongqing Municipal Hospital. The incidence rate was 99.94 per 10 000. The incidence of birth defects in the year was significantly different (χ2 = 128.059, P = 0.000). The incidence of male birth defects was 110.04 / million, while the incidence of women was 88.70 / million; the average incidence of birth defects in the group of women aged <20 years, the group of women aged 20-35 years and the group of women aged> 35 years were 108.07 / 95.78 / million, 122.03 / million. The top 5 birth defects in 2015 were congenital heart disease (18.63 / million), multiple fingers (15.04 / million), total cleft lip (5.39 / million) and digits (4.27 / million) Small ears (including no ears) (3.82 / million). Conclusion: The incidence of perinatal birth defects in the city is not optimistic, especially the incidence of diseases such as congenital heart disease is still high, requiring comprehensive measures to reduce the incidence of birth defects.