该文简要比较了古代“性善论”与“性恶论”两种主要学术流派对德育方法的相关论述,在社会共生论的理论视角下提出,当代道德教育应该以“人性之伸展”作为德育的出发点,引导大众通过合理的手段来伸展人性,促进社会与国家的和谐发展。同时,该文也对如何借鉴古代道德教育提出了建议:(1)以多元化学习作为基本途径;(2)以相对自由的制度环境作为保障;(3)以共生关系优化作为德育目标。 This article briefly compares the two major academic schools of “Good Nature Theory” and “Sex and Evil Theory” to discuss moral education methods. Based on the theory of social symbiosis, this paper proposes that contemporary moral education should be based on “human nature Stretch ”as the starting point of moral education, guide the public through reasonable means to extend human nature and promote the harmonious development of society and the country. At the same time, the article also puts forward suggestions on how to draw lessons from ancient moral education: (1) taking diversified study as the basic approach; (2) taking relatively free institutional environment as safeguard; (3) optimizing symbiotic relationship as moral education goal.