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2016年古巴革命领袖菲德尔·卡斯特罗离世后,我十分悲痛。那天,我重新打开卡翁当年亲自赠送给我的礼物,那是一块由他亲笔签字作画的餐巾布,我在泪眼矇眬中忽然浮现出他那英武轩昂的形象。虽然这块已珍藏了28年之久的白布已经泛黃,但我仿佛从中看到了中古两国关系历经岁月磨砺后所呈现的光辉,不禁勾起了对往事的种种回忆。
以小见大 礼轻情重
1987年3月至1990年9月,我随丈夫、时任中国驻古巴大使汤永贵在驻古使馆工作,有幸近距离领略了卡翁的音容笑貌和领袖风采,并亲历了两国两党关系全面恢复并稳步发展的可喜过程。
汤大使到任后,与王格武参赞等一起,在中古各领域交往陆续恢复的基础上,继续积极稳妥地逐步向前推进两国关系。1988年下半年,卡斯特罗审时度势,加速发展对华关系,主动迈出了友好的大步。他的顾问班子组长纳兰霍部长曾多次以卡翁称赞中餐可口为名,暗示卡翁要到中國使馆做客。正当中古全面恢复关系水到渠成之时,汤大使不失时机地向他发出邀请。
1988年12月20日,卡翁兴冲冲地前来我馆作客,重温两国的友好情谊。席间,他用圆珠笔在白色餐巾布一角寥寥几笔画了一个小图案,并对大使说,他要亲手把这块餐巾作为礼物交给大使夫人。按照外交惯例,若主宾单身赴宴,我方不必由夫人陪同。我意外接到通知后,匆匆赶往宴会大厅,卡翁见状立即起身握手相迎,并郑重地对我说;“我把这礼物送给你保存,这里有我的签字、日期,还有寓意中古友谊之树,她是我重回中国大使馆的记录,也是两国友好的见证。这礼物看似只值分文,但几十年后其意义会十分重大。”
此后,两国关系一步步向前发展,最终实现了两国外长互访、两国两党关系全面恢复。及至以后,更有我国领导人访问古巴,卡斯特罗也两次来我国访问,使中古友谊高潮迭起,余波荡漾。
卡翁有约 石岛之行
卡翁对中餐情有独钟,是他成为中国使馆常客的一个原因。也许是出于礼尚往来的考虑,他特地精心安排了一次海岛旅游联谊活动,日期定在1989年5月12日。临行前我们被告知,与卡翁同行的还有他的挚友、因《百年孤独》一书而获得诺贝尔文学奖的哥伦比亚作家加西亚·马尔克斯夫妇。他还特地关照我们务必带上使馆厨师和中国炒菜大锅。
那天清晨晴空万里,我们和卡翁一起乘坐一艘小舰艇出发,在浩淼无边的大海中乘风破浪,抵达一个浅露水面的“卡约”石岛(“卡约”在西班牙语中为时而显露时而被淹的小岛,以后我们干脆把这次活动叫做“卡翁有约”)。岛上有一片空旷静谧的平地与白沙细浪的浅滩相连,还有一两处简易的别墅点缀其间,岛不大,但设有码头和直升机停机坪。卡翁安排我们坐汽艇在近海钓鱼,自己却去远海潜水捕猎、用水枪打大鱼。
两个多小时后我在远处看到卡翁在海面上身披毛巾、站立船头,那伟岸的身影俨然是一座坚不可摧的铁塔。在他爽朗的笑声中,我们喜获不少战利品,那些渔获就是我们在岛上一天半的食物了。接下来就由中、古厨师联手大显身手。卡翁亲临厨房陪同汤大使和加西亚·马尔克斯夫妇现场观看中古两国厨师如何按两国的传统烹饪方式分别加工制作。中国浙江厨师做他的拿手好菜松鼠鱼;古巴厨师则按照西餐做法烹制出美味可口的奶油大龙虾。带着诱人的厨香,大家一起回到大厅,落座后,卡翁竟眉飞色舞地大谈做鱼所需的配料和每一个烹饪步骤。可见,他对烹饪也是研究到家的。
接着,大家你一言他一语地高谈阔论起来,气氛十分活跃、融洽。当然主讲的还是卡翁。这位天才的演说家1960年9月26日曾在联合国发表长达4小时29分钟的演说,这个纪录后来被他自己打破。1998年2月24日在古巴全国人民政权代表大会再次选举他为主席时,他情不自禁地发表了长达7小时30分钟的演讲。
那天晚餐他喝了中国的茅台、杭州桂花陈酿和绍兴黄酒这些美酒,更显得兴致勃勃,口若悬河。他谈天说地,纵论国际形势,憧憬中古关系的大好前程,还兴奋地说,6月份中国外长钱其琛对古访问非常重要,他将会见并宴请钱外长,而且也要参加使馆的宴请。当晚,我们边吃边聊直到星沉月落。
翌晨,卡翁说,昨晚酒后他兴犹未尽,继续和加西亚·马尔克斯畅聊,不觉天色大亮,就在舰艇的小隔间里打盹。尽管几乎一夜未眠,但我看他脸上没有一丝倦意,仍然精力充沛,侃侃而谈。这是我第一次看到不穿草绿色戎装而是一身便服的卡翁,这是一位侠骨柔肠、感情丰富细腻又充满生活情趣的风云人物。
轰轰烈烈 建功立业
卡翁1926年8月13日出生在古巴奥尔金省比兰镇。父亲是一个从西班牙加利西亚移居古巴的甘蔗种植园主。他1950年毕业于首都的哈瓦那大学,获得法律博士学位。他从学生时代起就钻研马列主义和古巴民族英雄何塞·马蒂的著作,信仰共产主义,成为一心要在古巴建立一个廉洁政府的进步学生运动的领袖。1953年7月26日,26岁的他领导发动反对巴蒂斯塔独裁政权的武装起义,攻打蒙卡达兵营,失败后被捕。他在法庭上慷慨陈词,发表了正义凛然的自我辩护词《历史将宣判我无罪》,这一名篇不仅为后世所传颂,而且成为西班牙文教材的范本。
此后,他曾流亡墨西哥,在那里结识了另一位革命英雄切·格瓦拉。1956年卡翁与格瓦拉等英雄好汉一起乘“格拉玛”号回到古巴,在马埃斯特拉山一带进行艰苦卓绝的游击战争。
1959年1月1日,32岁的他率领起义军一举推翻了巴蒂斯塔亲美独裁政权,并建立了古巴革命政府。在美国后院树起了一面社会主义的鲜红旗帜,像一盏璀璨的明灯照亮了拉丁美洲,并为世界社会主义作出了贡献。1960年9月,卡斯特罗代表刚建立的古巴新政权亲手缔结了同中国的外交关系,使古巴成为第一个与我国建交的拉美国家。在纷繁复杂的国际环境中,两国关系也经历了风雨的考验。
我在古巴期间,亲眼看到鬓发染霜的卡翁带领广大民众高举火把游行,面对隔海相望的美国振臂高呼:“要古巴不要美国佬!”我也亲耳聆听过卡翁用沙哑的嗓子在群众集会上发表慷慨激昂的讲话,他出口成章、声情并茂,一讲就是三四个小时,全场群情激昂,此起彼伏地爆发出“誓死保卫祖国”和“我们必胜”的口号声,正是他那强大的气场把古巴人民紧紧地凝聚在一起。 我从媒体得知几百名在切尔诺贝利核电站事故中受到核辐射的前苏联儿童应卡斯特罗的邀请在古巴度假疗养;卡翁多次为外国地震灾民献过血;阿根廷球王马拉多纳在古巴戒毒期间,卡翁几乎每天去看他,对他关怀备至,经常陪他侃大山、谈政治、聊体育,千叮万嘱让他下决心戒毒瘾,他俩的交情被传为美谈。汤大使曾带病陪同我国重要客人去比那尔德里奥省访问,当晚痢疾发作,高烧不退导致神志不清,夜间下床时迎面摔倒在洗手池上,磕掉了两颗门牙。卡翁闻讯后立即指示医院全力医治,又三番两次来电慰问,还派纳兰霍部长去医院看望。卡翁的殷勤关切,令人感动。
伟人谢幕 理想不朽
卡斯特罗担任古巴最高领导人近半个世纪,直到2008年因健康原因才正式把执政权力移交给他的弟弟、时任古巴国务委员会第一副主席兼部长会议第一副主席劳尔·卡斯特罗。卡翁的政治生涯中充满了传奇色彩,美国千方百计想扼杀新生的古巴共和国,但是卡翁敢于與美国对抗,他先后直面 11位美国总统。1961年1月美国宣布与古巴断交。同年4月美国雇佣军在猪湾海滩登陆,英勇的古巴人民仅用72小时就一举击败了入侵者。之后,美国对古实行经济制裁、贸易禁运,全面封锁并采取开播反古的马蒂电台和电视台,煽动古巴国内反对派等手段进行政治颠覆,但都无法让身旁面积仅11万多平方公里、处于困境中的小国屈服。在上世纪八十年代末、九十年代初,前苏联和东欧国家发生剧变的形势下,古巴共和国仍然巍然屹立。
针对卡翁的暗杀和阴谋屡屡不断。但是,这种种阴谋诡计都使卡翁毫发无损。他鄙视敌人的无耻无能,并发出大无畏的豪言壮语:“让祖国看到你的自豪,不要畏惧光荣地死去,为祖国而死——就意味着永生。”
菲德尔·卡斯特罗不愧是当代的传奇人物,时代的伟人!他的去世是一段辉煌历史的翻页,古巴社会主义事业将续写新的篇章,伟人谢幕,理想不朽!
My Memory of Legendary Fidel Castro
By Cao Min
I was saddened after learning that Fidel Castro had passed away. I fetched the gift he had given me personally and tears came welled in my eyes. That day, he made a drawing on a napkin and signed and gave it to me as a gift. Now the white napkin looks a little bit yellow. All the memory of this great revolutionary surged back to me.
My husband Tang Yonggui acted as Chinese ambassador to Cuba from March 1987 to September 1990. I was there with my husband, witnessing China and Cuba normalize relations between the two countries and the two Communist parties. I was able to admire the charisma of Fidel Castro in person.
The new ambassador and his colleagues worked hard to seek a new start for China and Cuba. In the second half of 1988, Castro responded. His advisor hinted on several occasions that Castro favored Chinese food. The ambassador lost no time to extend an invitation for Fidel Castro to have dinner at Chinese embassy.
On December 20, 1988, Castro visited the Chinese embassy. In compliance with diplomatic protocol, I was not there, because Castro came alone. During the dinner, Castro drew a picture on a napkin and signed his name and said to my husband that he would like to give the napkin as a gift to me. Notified that Castro wanted to see me, I rushed to the banquet room. He explained the tree in the drawing signified the friendship between the two countries and the date recorded his revisit to the embassy. He added that the napkin wasn’t worth much, but it would be valuable after a few decades.
The relations between the two countries bloomed again after Castro’s visit to the embassy. The foreign ministers paid mutual visits and Chinese leader visited Cuba and Fidel Castro came to China twice. Castro frequented Chinese embassy partly because of his love for Chinese food. In return, he invited us to an island tour on May 12, 1989. Before we set out, we learned that Gabriel García Márquez, the author of , and his wife, would come along. A special note in the invitation: we were supposed to bring the embassy’s chefs and the big wok along.
It was a fine day. We took a boat ride to the island. The island was small, but it had a few villas, a dock, and a helicopter pad. We fished offshore not far from the island. Castro went out to dive and hunt big fish. About two hours later, he came back, carrying a lot of fish on the boat. I still remember him standing on the bow, wrapped up with a towel. He looked like an iron tower. The Chinese and Cuban chefs worked and Castro, Márquez and his wife, the Chinese ambassador and I, were in the kitchen looking on.
At the dinner, Castro enjoyed Chinese wines such as Maotai, Hangzhou Osmanthus Wine, and Shaoxing Wine. And he talked. He mentioned Chinese Foreign Minister Qian Qichen’s upcoming visit to Cuba, saying he would wine and dine the foreign minister and he would come to dinner at the Chinese banquet.
After the banquet, he chatted with Marques for almost a night. Then he took a nap on the boat. The next morning, he looked full of energy. It was the first time that I saw him dressed not in a military uniform. He looked wonderful in the casual style.
During my stay in Cuba, I saw him making long speeches at mass rallies and saw him with people holding torches and marching in the street. I was deeply impressed by his charismatic personality and his heroism.
以小见大 礼轻情重
1987年3月至1990年9月,我随丈夫、时任中国驻古巴大使汤永贵在驻古使馆工作,有幸近距离领略了卡翁的音容笑貌和领袖风采,并亲历了两国两党关系全面恢复并稳步发展的可喜过程。
汤大使到任后,与王格武参赞等一起,在中古各领域交往陆续恢复的基础上,继续积极稳妥地逐步向前推进两国关系。1988年下半年,卡斯特罗审时度势,加速发展对华关系,主动迈出了友好的大步。他的顾问班子组长纳兰霍部长曾多次以卡翁称赞中餐可口为名,暗示卡翁要到中國使馆做客。正当中古全面恢复关系水到渠成之时,汤大使不失时机地向他发出邀请。
1988年12月20日,卡翁兴冲冲地前来我馆作客,重温两国的友好情谊。席间,他用圆珠笔在白色餐巾布一角寥寥几笔画了一个小图案,并对大使说,他要亲手把这块餐巾作为礼物交给大使夫人。按照外交惯例,若主宾单身赴宴,我方不必由夫人陪同。我意外接到通知后,匆匆赶往宴会大厅,卡翁见状立即起身握手相迎,并郑重地对我说;“我把这礼物送给你保存,这里有我的签字、日期,还有寓意中古友谊之树,她是我重回中国大使馆的记录,也是两国友好的见证。这礼物看似只值分文,但几十年后其意义会十分重大。”
此后,两国关系一步步向前发展,最终实现了两国外长互访、两国两党关系全面恢复。及至以后,更有我国领导人访问古巴,卡斯特罗也两次来我国访问,使中古友谊高潮迭起,余波荡漾。
卡翁有约 石岛之行
卡翁对中餐情有独钟,是他成为中国使馆常客的一个原因。也许是出于礼尚往来的考虑,他特地精心安排了一次海岛旅游联谊活动,日期定在1989年5月12日。临行前我们被告知,与卡翁同行的还有他的挚友、因《百年孤独》一书而获得诺贝尔文学奖的哥伦比亚作家加西亚·马尔克斯夫妇。他还特地关照我们务必带上使馆厨师和中国炒菜大锅。
那天清晨晴空万里,我们和卡翁一起乘坐一艘小舰艇出发,在浩淼无边的大海中乘风破浪,抵达一个浅露水面的“卡约”石岛(“卡约”在西班牙语中为时而显露时而被淹的小岛,以后我们干脆把这次活动叫做“卡翁有约”)。岛上有一片空旷静谧的平地与白沙细浪的浅滩相连,还有一两处简易的别墅点缀其间,岛不大,但设有码头和直升机停机坪。卡翁安排我们坐汽艇在近海钓鱼,自己却去远海潜水捕猎、用水枪打大鱼。
两个多小时后我在远处看到卡翁在海面上身披毛巾、站立船头,那伟岸的身影俨然是一座坚不可摧的铁塔。在他爽朗的笑声中,我们喜获不少战利品,那些渔获就是我们在岛上一天半的食物了。接下来就由中、古厨师联手大显身手。卡翁亲临厨房陪同汤大使和加西亚·马尔克斯夫妇现场观看中古两国厨师如何按两国的传统烹饪方式分别加工制作。中国浙江厨师做他的拿手好菜松鼠鱼;古巴厨师则按照西餐做法烹制出美味可口的奶油大龙虾。带着诱人的厨香,大家一起回到大厅,落座后,卡翁竟眉飞色舞地大谈做鱼所需的配料和每一个烹饪步骤。可见,他对烹饪也是研究到家的。
接着,大家你一言他一语地高谈阔论起来,气氛十分活跃、融洽。当然主讲的还是卡翁。这位天才的演说家1960年9月26日曾在联合国发表长达4小时29分钟的演说,这个纪录后来被他自己打破。1998年2月24日在古巴全国人民政权代表大会再次选举他为主席时,他情不自禁地发表了长达7小时30分钟的演讲。
那天晚餐他喝了中国的茅台、杭州桂花陈酿和绍兴黄酒这些美酒,更显得兴致勃勃,口若悬河。他谈天说地,纵论国际形势,憧憬中古关系的大好前程,还兴奋地说,6月份中国外长钱其琛对古访问非常重要,他将会见并宴请钱外长,而且也要参加使馆的宴请。当晚,我们边吃边聊直到星沉月落。
翌晨,卡翁说,昨晚酒后他兴犹未尽,继续和加西亚·马尔克斯畅聊,不觉天色大亮,就在舰艇的小隔间里打盹。尽管几乎一夜未眠,但我看他脸上没有一丝倦意,仍然精力充沛,侃侃而谈。这是我第一次看到不穿草绿色戎装而是一身便服的卡翁,这是一位侠骨柔肠、感情丰富细腻又充满生活情趣的风云人物。
轰轰烈烈 建功立业
卡翁1926年8月13日出生在古巴奥尔金省比兰镇。父亲是一个从西班牙加利西亚移居古巴的甘蔗种植园主。他1950年毕业于首都的哈瓦那大学,获得法律博士学位。他从学生时代起就钻研马列主义和古巴民族英雄何塞·马蒂的著作,信仰共产主义,成为一心要在古巴建立一个廉洁政府的进步学生运动的领袖。1953年7月26日,26岁的他领导发动反对巴蒂斯塔独裁政权的武装起义,攻打蒙卡达兵营,失败后被捕。他在法庭上慷慨陈词,发表了正义凛然的自我辩护词《历史将宣判我无罪》,这一名篇不仅为后世所传颂,而且成为西班牙文教材的范本。
此后,他曾流亡墨西哥,在那里结识了另一位革命英雄切·格瓦拉。1956年卡翁与格瓦拉等英雄好汉一起乘“格拉玛”号回到古巴,在马埃斯特拉山一带进行艰苦卓绝的游击战争。
1959年1月1日,32岁的他率领起义军一举推翻了巴蒂斯塔亲美独裁政权,并建立了古巴革命政府。在美国后院树起了一面社会主义的鲜红旗帜,像一盏璀璨的明灯照亮了拉丁美洲,并为世界社会主义作出了贡献。1960年9月,卡斯特罗代表刚建立的古巴新政权亲手缔结了同中国的外交关系,使古巴成为第一个与我国建交的拉美国家。在纷繁复杂的国际环境中,两国关系也经历了风雨的考验。
我在古巴期间,亲眼看到鬓发染霜的卡翁带领广大民众高举火把游行,面对隔海相望的美国振臂高呼:“要古巴不要美国佬!”我也亲耳聆听过卡翁用沙哑的嗓子在群众集会上发表慷慨激昂的讲话,他出口成章、声情并茂,一讲就是三四个小时,全场群情激昂,此起彼伏地爆发出“誓死保卫祖国”和“我们必胜”的口号声,正是他那强大的气场把古巴人民紧紧地凝聚在一起。 我从媒体得知几百名在切尔诺贝利核电站事故中受到核辐射的前苏联儿童应卡斯特罗的邀请在古巴度假疗养;卡翁多次为外国地震灾民献过血;阿根廷球王马拉多纳在古巴戒毒期间,卡翁几乎每天去看他,对他关怀备至,经常陪他侃大山、谈政治、聊体育,千叮万嘱让他下决心戒毒瘾,他俩的交情被传为美谈。汤大使曾带病陪同我国重要客人去比那尔德里奥省访问,当晚痢疾发作,高烧不退导致神志不清,夜间下床时迎面摔倒在洗手池上,磕掉了两颗门牙。卡翁闻讯后立即指示医院全力医治,又三番两次来电慰问,还派纳兰霍部长去医院看望。卡翁的殷勤关切,令人感动。
伟人谢幕 理想不朽
卡斯特罗担任古巴最高领导人近半个世纪,直到2008年因健康原因才正式把执政权力移交给他的弟弟、时任古巴国务委员会第一副主席兼部长会议第一副主席劳尔·卡斯特罗。卡翁的政治生涯中充满了传奇色彩,美国千方百计想扼杀新生的古巴共和国,但是卡翁敢于與美国对抗,他先后直面 11位美国总统。1961年1月美国宣布与古巴断交。同年4月美国雇佣军在猪湾海滩登陆,英勇的古巴人民仅用72小时就一举击败了入侵者。之后,美国对古实行经济制裁、贸易禁运,全面封锁并采取开播反古的马蒂电台和电视台,煽动古巴国内反对派等手段进行政治颠覆,但都无法让身旁面积仅11万多平方公里、处于困境中的小国屈服。在上世纪八十年代末、九十年代初,前苏联和东欧国家发生剧变的形势下,古巴共和国仍然巍然屹立。
针对卡翁的暗杀和阴谋屡屡不断。但是,这种种阴谋诡计都使卡翁毫发无损。他鄙视敌人的无耻无能,并发出大无畏的豪言壮语:“让祖国看到你的自豪,不要畏惧光荣地死去,为祖国而死——就意味着永生。”
菲德尔·卡斯特罗不愧是当代的传奇人物,时代的伟人!他的去世是一段辉煌历史的翻页,古巴社会主义事业将续写新的篇章,伟人谢幕,理想不朽!
My Memory of Legendary Fidel Castro
By Cao Min
I was saddened after learning that Fidel Castro had passed away. I fetched the gift he had given me personally and tears came welled in my eyes. That day, he made a drawing on a napkin and signed and gave it to me as a gift. Now the white napkin looks a little bit yellow. All the memory of this great revolutionary surged back to me.
My husband Tang Yonggui acted as Chinese ambassador to Cuba from March 1987 to September 1990. I was there with my husband, witnessing China and Cuba normalize relations between the two countries and the two Communist parties. I was able to admire the charisma of Fidel Castro in person.
The new ambassador and his colleagues worked hard to seek a new start for China and Cuba. In the second half of 1988, Castro responded. His advisor hinted on several occasions that Castro favored Chinese food. The ambassador lost no time to extend an invitation for Fidel Castro to have dinner at Chinese embassy.
On December 20, 1988, Castro visited the Chinese embassy. In compliance with diplomatic protocol, I was not there, because Castro came alone. During the dinner, Castro drew a picture on a napkin and signed his name and said to my husband that he would like to give the napkin as a gift to me. Notified that Castro wanted to see me, I rushed to the banquet room. He explained the tree in the drawing signified the friendship between the two countries and the date recorded his revisit to the embassy. He added that the napkin wasn’t worth much, but it would be valuable after a few decades.
The relations between the two countries bloomed again after Castro’s visit to the embassy. The foreign ministers paid mutual visits and Chinese leader visited Cuba and Fidel Castro came to China twice. Castro frequented Chinese embassy partly because of his love for Chinese food. In return, he invited us to an island tour on May 12, 1989. Before we set out, we learned that Gabriel García Márquez, the author of , and his wife, would come along. A special note in the invitation: we were supposed to bring the embassy’s chefs and the big wok along.
It was a fine day. We took a boat ride to the island. The island was small, but it had a few villas, a dock, and a helicopter pad. We fished offshore not far from the island. Castro went out to dive and hunt big fish. About two hours later, he came back, carrying a lot of fish on the boat. I still remember him standing on the bow, wrapped up with a towel. He looked like an iron tower. The Chinese and Cuban chefs worked and Castro, Márquez and his wife, the Chinese ambassador and I, were in the kitchen looking on.
At the dinner, Castro enjoyed Chinese wines such as Maotai, Hangzhou Osmanthus Wine, and Shaoxing Wine. And he talked. He mentioned Chinese Foreign Minister Qian Qichen’s upcoming visit to Cuba, saying he would wine and dine the foreign minister and he would come to dinner at the Chinese banquet.
After the banquet, he chatted with Marques for almost a night. Then he took a nap on the boat. The next morning, he looked full of energy. It was the first time that I saw him dressed not in a military uniform. He looked wonderful in the casual style.
During my stay in Cuba, I saw him making long speeches at mass rallies and saw him with people holding torches and marching in the street. I was deeply impressed by his charismatic personality and his heroism.