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已知高度近视是由于眼轴延长所引起。本文根据厚生省特定疾患视网膜脉络膜萎缩症调查研究班的报告,认为比正常眼的眼轴平均值标准差长3倍以上者是异常眼球,称为病理性近视。该研究班还报告了病理性近视诊断标准、年龄与矫正视力的关系(表)。这种眼轴延长的详细机制尚不明了,一般认为与先天遗传因素和环境因素有关。近年来实验性近视的研究较为热门,有报告说,如果将猿上眼睑缝合或将鸡眼用不透明的墨镜遮断视觉刺激,则会发生伴随眼轴延长的高度近视。因这种实验性近视即使在切断视神经时也可引起,所以目前在发生机制上视网膜局部因素正在受到重视。
It is known that high myopia is caused by the extension of the ocular axis. According to the report of the research group of the Chrysalis Retinal Choriosis Research Institute of the Ministry of Health and Welfare, it is considered abnormal eyeball, which is called pathological myopia, which is more than 3 times of the standard deviation of the axial length of the normal eye. The study also reported the diagnostic criteria for pathological myopia, age and corrected visual acuity (Table). The detailed mechanism of this axial extension is not clear, and is generally believed to be related to innate genetic and environmental factors. In recent years, experimental myopia research is more popular, there are reports that if the ape on the eyelid suture or ophthalmic ophthalmic ophthalmic ophthalmic cut off visual stimuli, there will be accompanied by axial length of the myopia. Because of this experimental myopia, even in the cut off the optic nerve can also be caused, so the mechanism of the current retinal local factors are being taken seriously.