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“因材施教”一词来源于孔子,宋代程颐和朱熹都说“孔子教人,各因其材”。它不仅是教学方法,也是教学思想,教学原则。因材施教建立在承认人的智力,能力,性格等方面存在着差异的基础上。这种差异是遗传素质、环境和教育影响的综合反映,而教育在促进受教育者智力的发展上起着决定性的作用。这就是说,学生的智力在客观上是存在着差异的,而他们的知识是在后天的学习和实践中获得的。
The word “instructions in accordance with their aptitude” comes from Confucius. Cheng Song and Zhu Xi from the Song Dynasty all said that “Confucius teaches people because of their materials.” It is not only a teaching method but also a teaching idea and teaching principle. Teaching students in accordance with their aptitude is based on the recognition of differences in human intelligence, ability, and personality. This difference is a comprehensive reflection of the influence of genetic quality, environment and education, and education plays a decisive role in promoting the development of the intelligence of the educated. This means that students’ intelligence is objectively different, and their knowledge is acquired in the acquired learning and practice.