传统观念与经典理论长期以来一直定论,铁路运输是属于完全垄断性行业,而且这是由其作为公共产品所具有的特性决定的。亦即由效用上的不可分割性、消费上的无法排他性、取得方式上的非竞争性、生产经营上的规模性、成本或利益上的外在性以及利益计算上的模糊性所导致的一种自然垄断。或者说,是由于技术上和经济上的原因,不是通过竞争途径而是一开始就直接建立的垄断现象,它一般由政府直接对其供给和定价以及市场进入进行管制。尽管 Traditionally, classical theory and theory have long argued that rail transport belongs to a completely monopolistic industry and that this is determined by its characteristics as a public good. That is to say, it is caused by the indivisibility of utility, the non-exclurability of consumption, the non-competition in the way of obtaining, the scale in production and operation, the externality in cost or interest, and the fuzziness in the calculation of interest Natural monopoly. Or, for technical and economic reasons, not the monopoly that was established directly from the very beginning but not through competitive means, it is generally regulated directly by the government for its supply and pricing and market access. in spite of