利用华北平原北部气象站点实测气温、降水、风速等基本气象要素数据,结合土壤相对湿度数据,计算降水量、作物需水量和土壤水分变化量3个水分循环的核心变量,构建华北平原北部农田水循环模型,设计缺水量指标,并分析2002—2011年华北平原北部农田缺水量的逐旬时空变化。结果表明:华北平原北部的农田在整个作物生长阶段严重缺水,大多数月份所有地区缺水,仅7月中旬自然水分较为充足;春季是华北平原北部农田干旱最严重的时期,以河北中南部地区春旱最为严重;秋季干旱程度相比春季较轻,干旱相对严重的区域位于研究区域西北部;衡水以及北京西部地区在整个作物生长阶段均严重缺水,是干旱最为严重的区域。研究结果可为研究区水分利用管理及农田灌溉提供参考。 Based on the measured data of meteorological elements such as temperature, precipitation and wind speed at meteorological stations in the northern North China Plain and the relative humidity data of soil, three core variables of water cycle, precipitation, crop water requirement and soil moisture change, were constructed to construct the farmland water cycle in the north of North China Plain Model, the index of water deficit was designed, and the spatial and temporal changes of farmland water deficit in northern North China Plain from 2002 to 2011 were analyzed. The results showed that the farmland in the northern part of North China Plain suffered from severe water shortage throughout the crop growth stage, with water deficit in most areas in most of the months, with only adequate natural water in mid-July. Spring was the most severe period of northern farmland drought in North China Plain. The spring drought was the most serious in the area. Compared with spring, the drought degree in autumn was relatively light and the area with relatively severe drought was located in the northwest of the study area. Hengshui and western Beijing suffered severe water shortages throughout the crop growth stage, which was the most arid area. The results can provide reference for water use management and farmland irrigation in the study area.