露天采矿的发展和采场日趋深大,促使工程师和地质学家们把注意力转向边坡稳定性的基础技术。为了正确了解边坡性态,采用了相似材料模拟技术(EM——equivalent material modelling technique)。这种技术在模拟实际的特定状况和研究渐进破坏机理中证明是有效的。地质不连续面在边坡稳定性中起到至关重要的作用,因此,模型中还模拟了不连续面。本文详细地介绍EM模型的设计,以及EM组成的选择和构造模型所用的材料比。而且,还介绍模拟地质不连续面的方法,以及采用台阶宽高比为1:2开采时边坡的性态。 The development of open-pit mines and the growing field of stopes have prompted engineers and geologists to turn their attention to the basics of slope stability. In order to get a proper understanding of the slope condition, a similar material modeling technique (EM - equivalent material modeling technique) was used. This technique proved to be effective in simulating real-world conditions and in studying progressive destruction mechanisms. Geological discontinuities play a crucial role in the stability of the slope, so discontinuities are also modeled in the model. This article describes in detail the design of the EM model, as well as the choice of material composition and the material ratio used to construct the model. In addition, methods to simulate geological discontinuities are introduced, along with the behavior of slopes when using a 1: 2 aspect ratio.