知识要点精析与精练(四)

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  1. mine 名词性物主代词,意为“我的……”,在句中可作主语、宾语和表语。
  (1) 作主语:This is not my mobile phone. Mine is over there.这不是我的手机,我的在那里。
  (2) 作宾语:① 用于动词后:You?蒺ve lost your eraser? Then use mine. 你丢了橡皮?那就用我的(橡皮)吧。②用于介词后:Yesterday our Chinese teacher received all the papers except mine,but I did hand it in. 昨天语文老师说他收了所有试卷,就是没有我的(试卷),可我确实是交上去了。
  (3) 作表语:This is not my computer. That one is mine.这不是我的电脑,那是我的(电脑)。
  【注意】 (1) 名词性物主代语常用来代替前面已经提及的名词,相当于“形容词性物主代词+名词”。例:
  This is your book. Where is mine(my book)? 这是你的书,我的在哪里?
  (2) 名词性物主代词可用在of后面,与of共同作定语,相当于“of+名词所有格”,表示带有部分概念或一定的感情色彩。
  He is an old friend of mine.他是我的一个老朋友了。
  (3) 名词性物主代词后不可再接名词。
  误:Mine note book is in my school bag. 正:My note book is in my school bag.
  【联想】 其他名词性物主代词:你的yours;他的his;她的 hers;它的its;我们的ours;你们的yours;他们的theirs。
  2. nothing 代词,意为“ 没有什么(东西)”。
  I have nothing to tell you. 我没什么事情可告诉你。
  At this moment,nothing could save his life. 在这个时候,什么都无法挽救他的生命。
  Nothing in the world is all good or all bad. 世上没有十全十美的事。
  【辨析】
  1. nothing一般用来代替物体或事情;作主语时,其后的谓语用单数;常用来回答含anything的一般问句及what引起的特殊问句。例如:
  — What is in the box? — Nothing.
  — Is there anything in the sky? — Nothing.
  — Can you see anything without glasses? — Nothing.
  2. no one一般不与of连用;作主语时,其后的谓语动词用单数;只能指人,但不具体指什么人;常用来回答who引起,及含anyone,anybody的疑问句。如:
  No one likes a person with bad manners. 没有人喜欢不礼貌的人。
  — Who is in the room? —— 房间里有谁?
  — No one. —— 没人。
  — Is there anyone in the room? —— 房间里有人吗?
  — No one. —— 一个也没有。
  3. none一般情况下可与of连用;作主语时,其后的谓语动词可以用单数或复数;能具体指什么人或物;常用来回答how many +可数名词复数,how much +不可数名词及含any+名词引起的疑问句。如:
  None of us have/has seen him. 我们中没有人见过他。
  — How many students are there in the room? — None.
  —— 有多少学生在房间?—— 一个也没有。
  【巧记】
  No one与none好分辨;具体人、物把none填;
  不知何人与何物,No one,nothing是一路;
  No one人,nothing物,保你不会出错误。
  3. miss 动词,意为“错过,失去”;“没赶上(车)”;“接不住球”;“找不到”,“缺课”;“想念”等。
  Don?蒺t miss the great show. 不要错过精彩的演出。
  We ran all the way so that we wouldn?蒺t miss the train. 我们一路跑,为的是不误火车。
  Too bad,our players often missed the ball. 太糟糕了,我们的球员常接不住球。
  Ours is red and white tall building. You can?蒺t miss it. 我们的是幢红白高楼,你不会找不到的。
  She was ill and missed a whole week?蒺s lesson. 她病了,缺了一周的课。
  He has been away from his home for a year. His mother misses him very much. 他离家已经有一年了,他妈妈非常想念他。
  【联想】 missing 形容词,意为“找不到的”。   The man was missing,and nobody knew where he had gone. 这个人失踪了,没有人知道他去哪里了。
  4. work
  (1) 不可数名词,意为“职业,业务”,如:look for work 找工作。
  注意:表示可数名词“工作”的单词是job,如:a good job 一份好的工作。
  (2) 用作复数时意为“著作,作品”,如:the works of Karl Marx 卡尔·马克思的著作,works of art 艺术品。
  (3) 动词,意为“工作,学习”,如:
  We work hard at school every day. 我们每天在校认真学习。
  【联想】 work加er变为其名词形式,意为“工人”,复数是workers。
  5. drive
  (1) 动词,意为“开(汽车);驾驶”。
  His father drives a school bus. 他爸爸开校车。
  (2) 动词,意为“驱赶”。
  The brave boy drove the dog out of the room. 那个勇敢的男孩把狗赶出了房间。
  【搭配】 drive sb. mad 让某人发疯
  drive a car to work = go to work in a car 开车去上班
  【拓展】 driver“司机,驾驶员”
  driver是由drive加r 构成的名词。在英语中,动词后加上?鄄er或?鄄r往往构成一个表示执行该动作的人的名词。例如:
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  【原句再现1】 An old friend of mine is coming to visit me,Hobo. 我的一个老朋友马上来看我,霍波。
  The exchange students are coming. 交流学生马上就要来了。
  【结构解析】 (1) an old friend of mine是指“我的一个老朋友”,of后面一般接名词性物主代词。
  (2) 这个结构是用现在进行时表示将来的动作,常常用在口语中,多指已经计划安排好的事,例如:
  I?蒺m meeting Tom tonight. He?蒺s taking me to the cinema. 今晚我要和汤姆见面,他将带我去看电影。
  【句型运用】 I?蒺m flying to Beijing tomorrow. 我明天飞北京。
  【原句再现2】 But there?蒺s nothing in the fridge. 但是冰箱里什么也没有。
  There is also a beautiful park in the town centre. 镇中心还有一个漂亮的公园。
  There are lots of nice shops in our town. 我们镇上还有许多好的商店。
  【结构解析】 (1) 这三个句子都是There be结构的陈述句形式,表示“某处有某人或某物”。there引导的是一个特殊的句子,there放在句首好像是句子的主语,但其实真正的主语在后面,整个句式表示“在某处有……”,如:There is a rainbow in the sky. 天上有一道彩虹。there常和后面的动词be或助动词构成紧缩形式,在构成问句时,要注意there的位置。如:Are there many parks in the city? 城里公园多吗?
  (2) there be结构的主谓一致,通常谓语动词的单、复数和主语保持一致,如果有两个或更多主语时,谓语动词一般和最靠近它的一个名词保持一致。
  There is a ruler and two pens in my pencil box. 我文具盒里有一把尺和两支钢笔。(a ruler离be最近,因此,谓语用单数)
  There are two pens and a ruler in my pencil box. 我文具盒里有两支钢笔和一把尺。( two pens离be最近,因此,谓语用复数)
  (3) there be结构的几种形式
  ① 肯定形式:There be +主语+地点(There is / are...)
  ② 否定形式:There be + not +主语+地点(There isn?蒺t /aren?蒺t...)
  ③ 一般疑问形式:Be + there +主语+地点?(Is / Are there...?)
  ④ 特殊疑问形式:What + be +地点?(What is...?)
  【句型运用】 — ______ any water in the bottle? — Yes,it?蒺s full.
  A. There is B. There are C. Are there D. Is there
  【答案】 D,因为water是不可数名词,因此,这里只能用is,问句是there be句型的一般疑问句形式。
  【原句再现3】 Let?蒺s go to the supermarket. 让我们去超市吧。
  【结构解析】 这是一个祈使句,表示建议。主语通常被省略,谓语动词用原形。let?蒺s是let us的缩略形式,意思是“让我们……”,let sb. do sth. 的意思是“让某人做某事”,注意do是省略to的不定式,作sb. 的补足语。let us和let?蒺s的反义疑问句构成不同,let?蒺s 在意义上包含谈话的对方在内,表示提出建议或征求对方意见,其反义疑问句往往用shall we;let us 在意义上一般不包含谈话的对方在内,表示请求对方允许做某事,附加疑问部分用will you。   【句型运用】 Let?蒺s go to the park,shall we? 让我们一起去公园,好吗?
  Let us leave now,will you? 让我们现在离开,行吗?
  【原句再现4】 There are lots of things to do in Sunshine Town. 在阳光镇有许多事情可做。
  【结构解析】 注意“there is/are + 名词+ to do...”,这个句型的意思为“有……可做”,动词不定式to do作后置定语,用来修饰前面的名词。类似结构还有“There is/are +主语+ v?鄄ing”,动词的?鄄ing结构作后置定语。如:There are some students playing in the playground. 有些学生在操场上玩耍。
  【句型运用】 There are many people swimming in the river. 有许多人在河里游泳。
  【原句再现5】 Would you like to...? 你想要……?
  【结构解析】(1) Would you like to do sth.? 此句型通常用来向对方有礼貌地提出建议、邀请或询问,意为“你想做某事吗?”其肯定回答是 “Yes,I?蒺d like/love to.”不能回答 “Yes,I would.” 否定回答通常有两种,一种是比较彻底的 “No”,另一种比较委婉,“I?蒺d like to,but...”。
  (2) Would you like sth.?用来征求对方对某事的看法,意为“你想要……吗?”肯定回答是 “Yes,please.” 否定回答是“No,thanks.”
  【句型运用】 —— 你今天想去公园吗? — Would you like to go to the park today?
  —— 我想去,但我今天太忙。 — I?蒺d love to,but I?蒺m too busy today.
  —— 你想要来杯咖啡吗? — Would you like a cup of coffee?
  —— 不,谢谢! — No,thanks.
  【原句再现6】 Sunshine Town is not far from the centre of Beijing. 阳光镇离北京市中心不远。
  【结构解析】 (1) be far(away) from意思是“离……远”“远离”,对距离提问应该用how far,而不用how long。
  (2) the centre of... “……的中心”,the centre of Nanjing 南京市中心。
  【句型运用】 ______ is it from your home to your school?
  A. How far B. How long C. How often D. How many
  【答案】 答案为A,意思是“从你家到学校有多远?”。
  【原句再现7】 It takes only 40 minutes by underground. 坐地铁花大约只要40分钟。
  【结构解析】 (1) it takes sb. some time to do sth. 此句型意为:做某事花了某人多少时间,其中it是形式主语,真正主语是后面的to do sth.。
  (2) “by +表示交通工具的名词”构成的词组,一般放在句末作方式状语,在此类词组中,表示交通工具的名词前不加任何冠词或其他修饰成分。
  【句型运用】 It takes my father 30 minutes to go to work by car every day. 爸爸每天开车上班花30分钟。
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  1. 名词所有格
  名词的格分为主格、宾格和所有格。名词的主格和宾格形式相同,一般是名词本身。名词的所有格是表示有生命的物体的这类名词及某些表示时间、距离、星球、世界、国家等无生命物体的名词后加?蒺s来表示所有关系。例如:men?蒺s room 男厕所;teachers?蒺 office 教师办公室;a mile?蒺s distance 一英里的距离;a stone?蒺s throw 一步之遥;the moon?蒺s light 月光等,但如果该名词是以?鄄s或?鄄es接尾,则只在该名词后加“ ?蒺 ”来构成所有格。例如:3 hours?蒺 walk 步行三小时的路程;five minutes?蒺 walk步行五分钟的路程;two miles?蒺 distance 两英里的距离。还有两种所有格分别是of所有格和双重所有格。其中?蒺s所有格形式在英语中是构成名词所有关系的最常用的形式。
  (1) ?蒺s 所有格构成
  (2) ?蒺s 所有格构成的特殊用法
  ① 两人或多人共有一样东西时,只变化最后一个名词的词尾,如果为各自所有,各个名词的词尾都要变化。
  Lily and Lucy?蒺s bedroom 莉丽和露西的房间(两人共有的一间房)
  Tom?蒺s and John?蒺s problems 汤姆和约翰的问题(两人各自的问题)
  ② 表示时间、距离、国家、地点、自然现象等无生命的名词所有格也可以是?蒺s的形式。
  表时间:三天的旅行 three day?蒺s trip
  表距离:二十分钟的车程 twenty minutes?蒺 drive
  表国家:美国的天气 America?蒺s weather   ③ 含有else的?蒺s
  else常用于不定代词、疑问代词或副词后,表示 “另外,其他”。其所有格形式为else?蒺s。
  The book is not mine. It?蒺s someone else?蒺s. 这本书不是我的,是别人的。
  Who else?蒺s ruler is this? 这把尺是另外什么人的呢?
  2. 名词性物主代词
  (1) 名词性物主代词常用来代替前面已提及的名词,相当于“形容词性物主代语+名词”。如:
  This is my ticket. Where is yours? 这是我的票。你的在哪儿?
  My idea is quite different from hers. 我的想法与她的很不一样。
  (2) 名词性物主代词可用在of后面,与of共同作定语,相当于“of+名词所有格”,表示带有部分或一定的感情色彩。如:He is an old friend of mine. 他是我的一个老朋友。
  【原题再现1】 Our school is as beautiful as ______ .(他们的) (2012·扬州)
  【答案解析】 本题重点考查的是名词性物主代词的用法,根据题意,比较的对象是学校,故这里应该填入名词性物主代词theirs,theirs在此意为their school。
  【原题再现2】
  (2012·上海)
  【答案解析】 根据文义,空格处应该填famous,句意为“伦敦的黑出租是很有名的”。
  【原题再现3】 Fans of Apple products around the world will ______(怀念) Steve Jobs after his death. (2012·湖南岳阳)
  【答案解析】 根据题意“全世界苹果的粉丝们将会怀念史蒂夫·乔布斯”,这里应该用miss这个词,在will后面,用动词原形miss。
  【原题再现4】 Chinese culture is becoming more and more popular in ______(西方的) countries. (2012·湖南岳山)
  【答案解析】 本题考查west的形容词形式,方位词再加?鄄ern构成相应的形容词形式。因此,这里应该填的是western。
  【原题再现5】 — How ______ will the boss be back? — In these days. (2012· 湖北荆州)
  A. far B. soon C. long D. often
  【答案解析】 根据题意,本题考查对答句in these days的提问。in加一段时间,意为一段时间以后。根据题意,这里考查对将来时间的提问,只能选择B,how soon,表示老板还有多长时间或多久后将会回来。
  【原题再现6】 The theme park is about ______ ride from the museum. You should start out right now. (2011·江苏无锡)
  A. two hour B. two hour?蒺s C. two hours?蒺 D. two?鄄hours
  【答案解析】 题意为“主题公园离博物馆大约有两个小时的路程,你应该立刻出发”。本题考查的是名词所有格。表示“……的”要用名词所有格,一般在名词后加 “?蒺s”,two hours是以?鄄s结尾的复数名词,所以只能直接加“?蒺”,因此选C。
  【原题再现7】 My dog is very ______. It is safe to touch him if you want to. (2012·江西)
  A. smart B. brave C. happy D. friendly
  【答案解析】 本题主要考查对四个单词的理解,smart“聪明的”;brave“勇敢的”;happy“快乐的”;friendly“友好的”。四个单词都是形容词,从语法上来讲,填进去都可以。主要看后面的一句,“如果你想要摸它,那是安全的”,说明“我的狗”是友好的,不会主动攻击人,因此应该填friendly,答案选D。
  【原题再现8】 — How is Helen in the new school?
  — She is doing very well. There is ______ to worry about. (2012·安徽)
  A.somethin g B. anything C. nothing D. everything
  【答案解析】 根据题意可以看出,本题考查的是几个不定代词的用法,something “一些”,常用于肯定句中;anything“一些”,常用于疑问句或否定句中;nothing“没有什么”;everything“一切事情”。根据上下文应该可以看出来,前一句说了She is doing very well. 她做得很好,那后面紧接着就应该是没有什么好担心的了,故应该填nothing,答案选C。
  【原题再现9】 She got up to get some sleeping pills but found there was ______ left at home. (2012·江苏无锡)
  A. nothing B. none C. something D. nobody
  【答案解析】 分析题目,“她起来去拿一些安眠药,但是发现那里一片也没有了”,这里强调的是一片也没有的意思,none指具体的人或物,放到本题中,应该具体指安眠药。答案选B。   【原题再现10】 There ______ some flowers on the teacher?蒺s desk just now,but now there ______ nothing on it. (2012·湖北随州)
  A. have;has B. were;was C. were;is D. has;has
  【答案解析】 本题考查的是there be结构的过去时和一般现在时。第一个句子后面有just now,可以判断是there be的一般过去时形式,再看some flowers是可数的,所以第一个空应该用are的过去式were。第二个句里出现了now,可以判断是there be的一般现在时形式,再根据第二个空后面为nothing,与其搭配的谓语用单数形式,因此第二个空应该填is。所以,本题答案为C。
  一、 单项选择
  ( )1. Don?蒺t talk to Simon like that. He is only ______ eleven?鄄year?鄄old boy.
  A. a B. an C. the D. 不填
  ( )2. Does his mother come to work ______?
  A. in her car B. with car C. by the car D. by her car
  ( )3. The milk bottles on the table are ______. ______ bottles are all empty.
  A. my;Yours B. mine;Yours C. your;Mine D. yours;My
  ( )4. ______is it from the city centre to your home?
  A. How long B. How much C. How many D. How far
  ( )5. The room isn?蒺t big enough for us ______.
  A. to live B. to live in C. live in D. living in
  ( )6. — ______ go shopping with your mother? — Good idea.
  A. Why not you B. Why don?蒺t C. Why not D. Why not we
  ( )7. On Father?蒺s Day,we can buy wonderful presents ______ our fathers.
  A. in B. to C. for D. with
  ( )8. We are looking forward ______ the sports meeting.
  A. have B. to have C. having D. to having
  ( )9. — How many bottles of milk can we buy with that? — ______.
  A. No B. None C. Nothing D. Not any
  ( )10. There are many children ______ boats in the lake now.
  A. row B. to row C. are rowing D. rowing
  二、 词汇运用
  A. 根据音标、汉语提示或首字母,写出单词的正确形式。
  1. You must keep ______(安静) in the school library.
  2. His uncle often ______(饲养) some cows on his farm.
  3. Now most of the children in the country go to ______(当地的) schools to study.
  4. The ______(/?蘧nd?藜?蒺gra?尬nd/)in Wuxi will be in use in 2014.
  5. We buy a lot of ______(/?謖post?謖kɑrdz/)for the coming Christmas.
  6. The ______(/?謖fe?謖m?藜s/) actress is now appearing at the Capital Theatre.
  7. It?蒺s not hard to find some w______ restaurants in the small city.
  8. Don?蒺t m______ the great show at the New Sports Center.
  9. — How does Daniel to go work every day? — He ______(开车) there.
  10. All the teachers in my new school are ______(友好) to us students.
  B. 根据句意,用括号中所给单词的正确形式填空。
  1. Who can teach the exchange students ______(sing) Beijing Opera?
  2. Does the girl?蒺s mother make the girl ______(play) the piano for a long time every day?   3. There are a lot of ______(interest) places in my hometown.
  4. Which subject do you like ______(good) at school,Chinese or Maths?
  5. Look,the shop is ______(close). We have to come tomorrow morning.
  三、 完形填空
  A group of exchange students from England are in Rainbow Town for a visit. They are very 1 to visit this modern town.
  This new town is only fifty minutes from the centre of Nanjing 2 bus. There are 3 tall buildings here. Most people in the town live in tall buildings. Many children like to live in tall buildings because they can be 4 to their friends. Chen Xia lives in a flat on the tenth floor. She is not very good at English. Wang Fang lives in a 5 on the eleventh floor. She is very good at English and she is glad to help 6 with their lessons. So Chen Xia does not have to go 7 if she needs help with her English.
  There is one theatre and three 8 malls in the town. There are also many 9 here. The exchange students go to some of the restaurants and 10 the delicious food very much.
  ( )1. A. excited B. excite C. exciting D. interesting
  ( )2. A. on B. in C. by D. of
  ( )3. A. lot of B. a lot C. a lot of D. a little
  ( )4. A. next B. near C. close D. friendly
  ( )5. A. flat B. balcony C. bathroom D. kitchen
  ( )6. A. other B. another C. others D. the other
  ( )7. A. near B. next C. long D. far
  ( )8. A. buying B. shopping C. shopper D. buy
  ( )9. A. meals B. restaurants C. shops D. hotels
  ( )10. A. see B. hear C. enjoy D. watch
  四、 阅读理解
  Do you know Eskimos? Let me tell you something about their lives.
  Eskimos live near the North Pole(北极). There are only two seasons there,winter and summer.
  There is no spring or autumn there. The winter nights are long. You can?蒺t see the sun for more than two months,even at midday. The summer days are long. For more than two months,the sun never goes down and there?蒺s no night.
  Eskimos have warm clothes. They make their clothes from the skins(皮毛) of animals. From skins they make coats,caps and shoes.
  Near the North Pole trees can?蒺t grow,for it is too cold there. The Eskimos have to make their houses from skins,snow or stone. When they got out in storms and can?蒺t get back home,they make houses of snow. They leave these houses when the storm is over.
  Life is hard for the Eskimos,but they still like to live there.
  ( )1. Near the North Pole,how many seasons are there in a year?   A. Two seasons—winter and summer.
  B. Two seasons—spring and autumn.
  C. Four seasons.
  D. Two seasons sometimes and four seasons sometimes.
  ( )2. How long does the longest day or night last(持续) near the North Pole?
  A. 24 hours B. Over a week C. A month D. Over two months
  ( )3. Eskimos use skins to make ______.
  A. clothes B. houses C. trees D. both A and B
  ( )4. Near the North Pole,there are no ______.
  A. days B. nights C. trees D. animals
  ( )5. Eskimos make houses of snow to protect(保护) themselves from ______.
  A. animals B. storms C. snow D. rain
  五、 书面表达
  今天你将陪同一些外宾去参观“天下第一村”—— 华西村。你们将乘车去那里,请你在车上用英语向他们简要介绍一下华西村。
  1. 华西村是中国最好的村庄之一;
  2. 村子很漂亮,离市中心不远;
  3. 村子里有个公园,里面有很多树木花卉;
  4. 那里的人们非常勤劳,待人友好;
  5. 他们都住在大房子里,非常幸福。
  注意:1. 介绍须包括所给内容要点,要求语句通顺,意思连贯。
  2. 不少于70个词,开头和结尾已经给出,不计入总词数。
  Good morning,everyone!Today we are going to visit Huaxi Village. ___________________
  ______________________________________________________________________________
  ______________________________________________________________________________
  ______________________________________________________________________________
  ______________________________________________________________________________
  I hope you will have a good time.
  Keys:
  一、 1—5 BADDB 6—10 CCDBD
  二、 A. 1. quiet 2. raises 3. local 4. underground 5. postcards 6. famous 7. western 8. miss 9. drives 10. friendly
  B. 1. to sing 2. play 3. interesting 4. better 5. closed
  三、 1—5 ACCCA 6—10 CDBBC
  四、 1—5 ADDCB
  五、 Good morning,everyone!Today we are going to visit Huaxi Village. Huaxi Village is one of the best villages in China. The village is very beautiful. It is not far away from the city centre. There is a park and there are many trees and flowers in it. The Huaxi people work hard and are friendly to others. They live in big houses. They are very happy. I hope you will have a good time.
  美文欣赏
  Keep Your Direction
  坚持你的方向
  What would you do if you failed? Many people may choose to give up. However,the surest way to success is to keep your direction and stick to your goal.
  如果失败了你会怎么做?很多人可能会选择放弃。然而,要想成功,最可靠的方法就是坚持你的方向和目标。
  On your way to success,you must keep your direction. It is just like a lamp,guiding you in darkness and helping you overcome obstacles on your way. Otherwise,you will easily get lost or hesitate to go ahead.   在通往成功的路上,你必须坚持你的方向。它就像一盏灯,在黑暗中为你指路,帮助你渡过难关。否则,你很容易会迷失方向或犹豫不前。
  Direction means objectives. You can get nowhere without an objective in life.
  方向意味着目标。人如果没有目标,将一事无成。
  You can try to write your objective on paper and make some plans to achieve it. In this way,you will know how to arrange your time and to spend your time properly. And you should also have a belief that you are sure to succeed as long as you keep your direction all the time.
  你可以试着把你的目标写在纸上,并制定实现目标的计划。这样,你就会懂得如何合理地安排时间,如何正确地支配时间。而且你还要有这样的信念:只要一直坚持自己的方向,你就一定可以成功。
  趣味英语
  1. How can you make a slow horse fast?
  2. If the green house is on the right side of the road,and the red house is on the left side of the road,where is the white house?
  3. What?蒺s the difference between the North Pole and the South Pole?
  4. Why is an empty purse always the same?
  5. Why do people go to bed?
  Keys:
  趣味英语
  1. Don?蒺t give it anything for a while. 暂时不给它任何东西吃。
  2. In Washington D. C. 在华盛顿。
  3. The whole world. 全世界。
  4. There?蒺s no change in it. 因为里面没有零钱。
  5. Because the bed won?蒺t come to us. 因为床不会走向我们。
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