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在高中英语阅读中，考生由于知识的局限性和词汇量不大，科普类说明文相对较难。而主旨大意题本身又是考生最畏惧的题型，所以很多时候，考生对科普类说明文的主旨题都是瞎蒙一通。笔者现在把自己摸索出来的规律谈一谈，希望对广大考生有所帮助。
笔者在科普类说明文中发现，一般的科普类说明文整体可分两部分。我把它们称之为finding（结论部分）和 experiment（实验部分或如何得出结论的过程）。主旨大意题的答案一般由finding部分而来，finding通常在第一段中。我们可通过一些练习来验证这种方法。
[例1]2010—2011学年《学生双语报》第33期阅读B版B篇:
Scientists recently reported on a disgusting new idea for human health: The ground-up brain of cockroaches, they say, may help fight infectious diseases.
…
The scientists decided to study insects after noticing an interesting pattern. Some soldiers who came back from the Middle East were sick with strange infections—but locusts(蝗虫) from the same areas were infection-free. Locusts are types of grasshoppers. The scientists started to wonder how insects that live in unclean places manage to avoid infection.
To find out, the researchers ground up different parts of locusts and cockroaches and put the mixtures in Petri dishes with types of the harmful bacteria. Ground-up tissue from cockroach and locust brains and locust nerves, however, killed almost all the harmful bacteria—nearly 100 percent. That means that the bug brains and nerves must contain chemicals that kill the bacteria.
…
问题：The main idea of the passage is that __________.
A. cockroaches ate nasty animals
B. cockroaches could be good medicine
C. cockroaches bring new infectious diseases
D. cockroaches can be good to the environment
我们可以看到，第一段就是finding，一个新发现的结论；后面的段落为experiment部分。所以答案是B。
[例2]2010—2011学年《学生双语报》第33期阅读C篇：
A new technique that lowers blood pressure by blasting the kidneys with radio waves could “revolutionize” treatment, a study claimed yesterday.
…
问题：What’s the best title for this passage?
A. A promising study on radio waves.
B. A significant risk factor for heart attacks.
C. High blood pressure can be cured by different drugs.
D. High blood pressure can be treated with radio waves.
答案是D。
[例3]2010—2011学年《学生双语报》第36期阅读A篇：
Polar bears, considered doomed if the Arctic sea ice continues to melt, have a fighting chance at survival if humans cut back on their emission of greenhouse gases, according to a new study.
…
问题：What’s the main idea of this passage?
A. Arctic ice will disappear in less than a decade.
B. Arctic sea ice is important to polar bears’ survival.
C. Ploar bears will soon disappear if the Arctic sea ice continue to melt.
D. Ploar bears can survive if humans reduce the emission of greenhouse gases.
答案是D。
通过以上练习，我们可以发现：科普类说明文主旨大意题的答案一般可以在finding部分快速找到。在第一段我们通常可以找到 A study / scientists... reported, claimed, showed, proved... 等关键字眼和表达，它们的前或后就是finding（结论部分），即科普类说明文主旨大意题的答案所在。
(作者单位：江门开平市第一中学)
责任编校蒋小青
“本文中所涉及到的图表、公式、注解等请以PDF格式阅读”
笔者在科普类说明文中发现，一般的科普类说明文整体可分两部分。我把它们称之为finding（结论部分）和 experiment（实验部分或如何得出结论的过程）。主旨大意题的答案一般由finding部分而来，finding通常在第一段中。我们可通过一些练习来验证这种方法。
[例1]2010—2011学年《学生双语报》第33期阅读B版B篇:
Scientists recently reported on a disgusting new idea for human health: The ground-up brain of cockroaches, they say, may help fight infectious diseases.
…
The scientists decided to study insects after noticing an interesting pattern. Some soldiers who came back from the Middle East were sick with strange infections—but locusts(蝗虫) from the same areas were infection-free. Locusts are types of grasshoppers. The scientists started to wonder how insects that live in unclean places manage to avoid infection.
To find out, the researchers ground up different parts of locusts and cockroaches and put the mixtures in Petri dishes with types of the harmful bacteria. Ground-up tissue from cockroach and locust brains and locust nerves, however, killed almost all the harmful bacteria—nearly 100 percent. That means that the bug brains and nerves must contain chemicals that kill the bacteria.
…
问题：The main idea of the passage is that __________.
A. cockroaches ate nasty animals
B. cockroaches could be good medicine
C. cockroaches bring new infectious diseases
D. cockroaches can be good to the environment
我们可以看到，第一段就是finding，一个新发现的结论；后面的段落为experiment部分。所以答案是B。
[例2]2010—2011学年《学生双语报》第33期阅读C篇：
A new technique that lowers blood pressure by blasting the kidneys with radio waves could “revolutionize” treatment, a study claimed yesterday.
…
问题：What’s the best title for this passage?
A. A promising study on radio waves.
B. A significant risk factor for heart attacks.
C. High blood pressure can be cured by different drugs.
D. High blood pressure can be treated with radio waves.
答案是D。
[例3]2010—2011学年《学生双语报》第36期阅读A篇：
Polar bears, considered doomed if the Arctic sea ice continues to melt, have a fighting chance at survival if humans cut back on their emission of greenhouse gases, according to a new study.
…
问题：What’s the main idea of this passage?
A. Arctic ice will disappear in less than a decade.
B. Arctic sea ice is important to polar bears’ survival.
C. Ploar bears will soon disappear if the Arctic sea ice continue to melt.
D. Ploar bears can survive if humans reduce the emission of greenhouse gases.
答案是D。
通过以上练习，我们可以发现：科普类说明文主旨大意题的答案一般可以在finding部分快速找到。在第一段我们通常可以找到 A study / scientists... reported, claimed, showed, proved... 等关键字眼和表达，它们的前或后就是finding（结论部分），即科普类说明文主旨大意题的答案所在。
(作者单位：江门开平市第一中学)
责任编校蒋小青
“本文中所涉及到的图表、公式、注解等请以PDF格式阅读”