论文部分内容阅读
阅读表达是山东省高考自主命题的一种新的高考题型，该题型重在考查考生的实际语言技能和综合语言运用能力，是一道主观题，能更好的体现新课标精神，使学生能够展示个性发展和思维的多样性与开放性，该题型是阅读理解和书面表达题的结合，既考查学生的阅读理解能力，又考查考生运用自己的语言来准确的表达自己的思想，即用自己语言来概括，替换表达，以及在理解的基础上语言的翻译能力等等。阅读表达题通常是一篇不少于200词的短文，包括5种不同类型的题目，考生要在仔细阅读短文、透彻理解内容的基础上，从中获得必要的信息，灵活解答问题。
阅读表达题试图从多个角度和方位考查考生对文章内容的理解以及考生本人对相关问题的看法，问题类型多样，但每个题型都有各自的解题思路和答题技巧。现笔者结合07年山东卷阅读表达题来简要归纳其答题技巧，总结应试策略。
阅读表达题的题型设置以及问题的呈现形式：（见表格）
【2007年高考山东卷】
An American friend of mine who was high up in a big corporation had worked out a way of heading a good of e-mails before most of us had, even heard of the concept. If any information he was sent was vital enough, his back of response would ensure the sender rang him up, if the sender wasn’t important enough to have his private numbers the communication couldn’t be that important.My friend is now even more senior in the same company ,so the strategy must work.
Almost every week now there seems to be a report suggesting that we are all being driven crazy by the bother of e-mail.If this is the case, it’s only because we haven’t developed an appropriate discrimination in dealing with it.
________.Firstly. You junk anything with an exclamation on a string of capital letters, or from my address, you don’t recognize or feel confident about.
Secondly,e-mails don’t all have to be answered. Because e-mailing is so easy, there’s a tendency for correspondence to carry on for ever, but it is permissible to stop an endless discussion or to accept a point of information sent by a colleague without acknowledging it.
Thirdly ,a reply e-mail doesn’t have to be the same length as the original . We all have e-mail pals who send long,chatty e-mails, which are nice to receive, but who then expect an equally long reply . The chart of e-mail can consist in the single, incomplete sentence, totally regardless of the format of the letter sent by post . You are perfectly within the bounds of politeness in responding to a marathon e-mail with a brief reply.
76.Which sentence in the passage is the closest in meaning to the following one?
The possible existance of annoyance results from our inability to sort out e-mails.
77.Fill in the blank in Paragraph 3 with a proper sentence.(within 10 words)
78.What advice is given in the last paragraph? (within 10 words)
79.For what purpose does the author mention his American friend in Paragraph 1 ?(within 10 words)
80.Translate the underlined sentence in the last paragraph into Chinese.
【答案及解析】
76.答案: If this is the case ,it’s only because we haven’t developed an appropriate discrimination in dealing with it.
解析：该题是一道句意替代题。考生首先要弄清楚本题中所提供的句子的意思，在原文中找出与之意思相当的句子；然后，找出两句中在意思上能够对应的表达，如：“the possible existance”和“if this is the case”对应，“result from”和“because”对应，“inablility”和“not an appropriate discrimination”对应等等，最后从文中找出了答案为：If this is the case ,it’s only because we haven’t developed an appropriate discrimination in dealing with it.
★温馨提示：①该题简单，尽可能抓住这道题，不能丢分。②做该题时,应尽可能地利用生词所在的上下文来猜测词义,即用我们所熟悉的词或短语和上下文中的已知部分进行逻辑的推理。
77.答案：E-mails can be handled in the following ways./ Here are the ways to deal with e-mails./ Handling e-mails is an art.
解析：该题是一道句子填空题。结合上下文内容，我们不难看出下文中提到的“firstly……,secondly….., thirdly…..”是在列举the ways to deal with e-mails,由此我们得出空缺处的句子应当填E-mails can be handled in the following ways.或Here are the ways to deal with e-mails.或Handling e-mails is an art.
★温馨提示：①一定要弄清楚上下文之间的逻辑关系，如递进、并列、对比、转折、因果等。②理顺关系，检查一下，是否通顺，能否恢复文章作者原本想表达的思想内容和意图。
78.答案：You may reply to a long e-mail briefly./ You don’t have to write a long reply e-mail.
解析：该题是一封闭性问题，考生能根据短文的最后一段来寻找答案，依据第一句话a reply e-mail doesn’t have to be the same length as the original，可以推出答案。
★温馨提示：考生要对提出的问题进行仔细阅读，找出问题与原文信息的关系，确定回答问题的方向，理顺答题的思路，组织语言材料，在规定的字数要求内，用简练的语言来表达。
79.答案：To show a way of handling e-mails with an example./ To introduce the topic of the text.
解析:该题是一道主旨概括题。一篇文章的中心思想一般能在文章的主题句中得到体现，而主题句的位置通常位于三个地方：段落的开头，段落的中间以及结尾。该篇文章的主旨在文章开始第一句话就呈现出来了。
★温馨提示：①要迅速的剔除文章中的细节事实或作者所使用的论据，找各段的主题句，然后进行归纳、概括和总结，即分清主旨和细节。②概括出来的中心意思一定要能够覆盖全文或整个段落，绝不可离题太远，太笼统或者只概括一段或几句话的意思，即以偏概全。③注意文章标题格式，可以是完整的句子，也可以是简洁的短语，也可以用问题的形式，同时要注意字数要求。
80.答案：用简短的话回复冗长的电子邮件完全不失礼节。/用简短的话回复马拉松式的电子邮件也是礼貌的。解析：该题是一道翻译句子题。考生首先要明确每个词和短语的准确意思，如：“in responding to”是“回复”的意思，明确无误后，按照汉语的表达习惯得出答案。
★温馨提示：①把握好文章的句子结构和表达方式，充分、全面理解，译文要忠于原文。②要结合原文文体和句子所在的情境进行翻译，语气、措辞等要符合文体特点和汉语表达习惯。③文字要清楚、规范、简练，书写要工整，卷面要整洁。
阅读表达题试图从多个角度和方位考查考生对文章内容的理解以及考生本人对相关问题的看法，问题类型多样，但每个题型都有各自的解题思路和答题技巧。现笔者结合07年山东卷阅读表达题来简要归纳其答题技巧，总结应试策略。
阅读表达题的题型设置以及问题的呈现形式：（见表格）
【2007年高考山东卷】
An American friend of mine who was high up in a big corporation had worked out a way of heading a good of e-mails before most of us had, even heard of the concept. If any information he was sent was vital enough, his back of response would ensure the sender rang him up, if the sender wasn’t important enough to have his private numbers the communication couldn’t be that important.My friend is now even more senior in the same company ,so the strategy must work.
Almost every week now there seems to be a report suggesting that we are all being driven crazy by the bother of e-mail.If this is the case, it’s only because we haven’t developed an appropriate discrimination in dealing with it.
________.Firstly. You junk anything with an exclamation on a string of capital letters, or from my address, you don’t recognize or feel confident about.
Secondly,e-mails don’t all have to be answered. Because e-mailing is so easy, there’s a tendency for correspondence to carry on for ever, but it is permissible to stop an endless discussion or to accept a point of information sent by a colleague without acknowledging it.
Thirdly ,a reply e-mail doesn’t have to be the same length as the original . We all have e-mail pals who send long,chatty e-mails, which are nice to receive, but who then expect an equally long reply . The chart of e-mail can consist in the single, incomplete sentence, totally regardless of the format of the letter sent by post . You are perfectly within the bounds of politeness in responding to a marathon e-mail with a brief reply.
76.Which sentence in the passage is the closest in meaning to the following one?
The possible existance of annoyance results from our inability to sort out e-mails.
77.Fill in the blank in Paragraph 3 with a proper sentence.(within 10 words)
78.What advice is given in the last paragraph? (within 10 words)
79.For what purpose does the author mention his American friend in Paragraph 1 ?(within 10 words)
80.Translate the underlined sentence in the last paragraph into Chinese.
【答案及解析】
76.答案: If this is the case ,it’s only because we haven’t developed an appropriate discrimination in dealing with it.
解析：该题是一道句意替代题。考生首先要弄清楚本题中所提供的句子的意思，在原文中找出与之意思相当的句子；然后，找出两句中在意思上能够对应的表达，如：“the possible existance”和“if this is the case”对应，“result from”和“because”对应，“inablility”和“not an appropriate discrimination”对应等等，最后从文中找出了答案为：If this is the case ,it’s only because we haven’t developed an appropriate discrimination in dealing with it.
★温馨提示：①该题简单，尽可能抓住这道题，不能丢分。②做该题时,应尽可能地利用生词所在的上下文来猜测词义,即用我们所熟悉的词或短语和上下文中的已知部分进行逻辑的推理。
77.答案：E-mails can be handled in the following ways./ Here are the ways to deal with e-mails./ Handling e-mails is an art.
解析：该题是一道句子填空题。结合上下文内容，我们不难看出下文中提到的“firstly……,secondly….., thirdly…..”是在列举the ways to deal with e-mails,由此我们得出空缺处的句子应当填E-mails can be handled in the following ways.或Here are the ways to deal with e-mails.或Handling e-mails is an art.
★温馨提示：①一定要弄清楚上下文之间的逻辑关系，如递进、并列、对比、转折、因果等。②理顺关系，检查一下，是否通顺，能否恢复文章作者原本想表达的思想内容和意图。
78.答案：You may reply to a long e-mail briefly./ You don’t have to write a long reply e-mail.
解析：该题是一封闭性问题，考生能根据短文的最后一段来寻找答案，依据第一句话a reply e-mail doesn’t have to be the same length as the original，可以推出答案。
★温馨提示：考生要对提出的问题进行仔细阅读，找出问题与原文信息的关系，确定回答问题的方向，理顺答题的思路，组织语言材料，在规定的字数要求内，用简练的语言来表达。
79.答案：To show a way of handling e-mails with an example./ To introduce the topic of the text.
解析:该题是一道主旨概括题。一篇文章的中心思想一般能在文章的主题句中得到体现，而主题句的位置通常位于三个地方：段落的开头，段落的中间以及结尾。该篇文章的主旨在文章开始第一句话就呈现出来了。
★温馨提示：①要迅速的剔除文章中的细节事实或作者所使用的论据，找各段的主题句，然后进行归纳、概括和总结，即分清主旨和细节。②概括出来的中心意思一定要能够覆盖全文或整个段落，绝不可离题太远，太笼统或者只概括一段或几句话的意思，即以偏概全。③注意文章标题格式，可以是完整的句子，也可以是简洁的短语，也可以用问题的形式，同时要注意字数要求。
80.答案：用简短的话回复冗长的电子邮件完全不失礼节。/用简短的话回复马拉松式的电子邮件也是礼貌的。解析：该题是一道翻译句子题。考生首先要明确每个词和短语的准确意思，如：“in responding to”是“回复”的意思，明确无误后，按照汉语的表达习惯得出答案。
★温馨提示：①把握好文章的句子结构和表达方式，充分、全面理解，译文要忠于原文。②要结合原文文体和句子所在的情境进行翻译，语气、措辞等要符合文体特点和汉语表达习惯。③文字要清楚、规范、简练，书写要工整，卷面要整洁。