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对渭北高原地区苹果园距树干基部水平方向0～200cm,垂直方向0～80cm土层深度范围内的果树根区空间土壤养分的盈亏变化进行了研究,并结合盆栽试验,分析了不同根区土壤对苹果再植植株的影响。结果表明:在水平方向上,随距树干距离的增加,土壤养分含量呈增高趋势;垂直方向上,除水溶性Ca、Mg外,其他养分随土层加深呈下降趋势。果园根区土壤速效P、水溶性Ca、水溶性Mg、有效Zn、有效Mn有亏缺现象,N/P、K/P、Ca/P、Ca/Mg、Ca/Mn、Ca/Zn存在养分比例失调。果园土壤的盆栽幼树株高、新梢长度、粗度、叶面积和根活力较生茬土壤的分别减少44.93%、34.46%、23.88%、49.48%和11.40%,表现明显的重茬障碍症状,土层愈深的土壤,症状愈重,距树干愈远的土壤,症状愈轻。果园土壤中Zn元素亏缺和Ca/Zn比例失调可能是造成渭北高原苹果再植病害发生的重要原因之一。距树干水平方向100～200cm、垂直方向0～40cm土层土壤养分含量较高,盆栽幼树再植病害较轻,是老果园更新再植应选择的栽植区域。
The changes of soil nutrients in the rhizosphere soil of apple tree in the apple orchard of Weibei Plateau from the depth of 0 ~ 200cm and vertical depth of 0 ~ 80cm in the horizontal direction of the base of trunk were studied. The pot experiments were conducted to analyze the effects of different root zones Effect of soil on apple replantation. The results showed that in the horizontal direction, the nutrient content of soil increased with the increase of tree trunk distance. In the vertical direction, except for water-soluble Ca and Mg, the other nutrients decreased with soil depth. Soil available P, water soluble Ca, water soluble Mg, available Zn and available Mn were deficient in the root zone of the orchard. Nutrients existed in N, P, K / P, Ca / P, Ca / Mg, Ca / Mn and Ca / Zn Imbalance The plant height, shoot length, leaf area and root vigor of potted young trees in orchard soil decreased by 44.93%, 34.46%, 23.88%, 49.48% and 11.40%, respectively, Soil deeper soil, the more symptoms, the farther away from the trunk of the soil, the more symptoms. The deficit of Zn and Ca / Zn in orchard soil may be one of the important reasons for apple replanting in Weibei Plateau. The content of soil nutrients in the soil layer of 0 ~ 40cm in the vertical direction is 100 ~ 200cm away from the trunk, and the replanting disease of the young seedlings is light. It is the planting area that the old orchard needs to be replanted.