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Although many doctors agree that to temporarily use marijuana to relieve certain symptoms is totally safe, the safety of recreational marijuana has not been fully approved. Others raised questions about the future of marijuana: "Most of the new regulations about medicinal or recreational marijuana have failed to show the potential risks." Therefore, to prohibit or to untie is still a problem.
尽管很多医生认为，将大麻用于暂时性缓解某些疾病的症状是足够安全的，但消遣用大麻的安全性还没有得到很好的研究；也另有人对于大麻的未来管控提出了疑问:“大部分关于医用或消遣用大麻的新法规都未能说明其潜在风险。”可见，大麻的松绑之路依然存在着巨大的挑战和持续的争议。“禁”或“放”仍将是个问题。
“Using marijuana will not be more dangerous than drinking and smoking”
“吸食大麻不会比吸烟喝酒更危险”
According to a survey made by the Pew Research Center in 2013, 52% of Americans think it is reasonable to own small amounts of marijuana. This is the first time that more than half of the people are against marijuana prohibition in a national survey. A nationwide survey before a referendum in Colorado also showed that 48% of Americans had tried marijuana, and about 6.5% of senior high school students admitted they smoked every day. Therefore, it’s not surprising for Colorado to carry referendum before the U.S. presidential election in November 2012, deciding to legalize marijuana. However, people who are under 21 are not allowed to use marijuana in the state. Activists want the rest of America’s states to pass similar laws as soon as possible. Behind the requirement for prohibition are clamors of supporters.
Still more supporters argue that scientific studies have shown that marijuana has high medicinal values, particularly for mental illness. And its level of addiction is no higher than that of tobacco and alcohol. Alan Greenspan, retired professor from Harvard Medical School, said in his book: Evidence shows that smoking marijuana can relieve nausea caused by chemical agents, prevent blindness caused by glaucoma, and improve the appetite of AIDS patients. It can also be used as an antiepileptic drug with functions such as relieving asthma and migraines, mitigating chronic pain, reducing muscle spasm with scleroma and treating cerebral palsy and paraplegia, etc.
据美国皮尔研究中心2013年的一项调查发现，52%的美国人支持拥有小剂量的大麻。这是第一次在全国调查中显示超过半数的人反对大麻禁令。而在科罗拉多全民公投之前的一项全美范围的调查也显示，48%的美国人称曾尝试吸食大麻，约6.5%的高年级高中生承认每天吸食。因此，2012年11月美国总统大选之际，科罗拉多州率先通过公投，决定将消遣用大麻合法化也就并不令人惊奇了。不过，这两个州仅限年满21周岁者限量使用大麻。激进分子则希望美国其他地区也能尽快通过类似法令。而要求通过禁令的背后是支持者的呼声。
更多的支持者认为，科学研究显示大麻有着很高的药用价值，尤其是对精神疾病，其上瘾程度也并不比烟草和酒精强多少。美国哈佛医学院退休的格林斯潘教授就在其所著的书中称：有证据表明吸食大麻可以减轻由化学药剂产生的反胃现象、预防由青光眼引起的失明、能促进艾滋病患者的食欲、可以作为抗癫痫的药物、能缓解哮喘和偏头疼、减轻慢性疼痛、减少伴随多硬结的肌肉痉挛，还可以治疗脑瘫和下身麻痹等等。 An American drug regulatory official once said: "Every year, there are people dying from alcohol and tobacco, but no one has died from smoking marijuana. Marijuana has no side effects, nor damage to the liver, kidney, brain, or chromosome (fetal). Even long-term usage will not cause permanent damage to the body."
Due to the significant effect of drugs, the legal process of medical marijuana is relatively smooth in the United States. And in 1996, California became the first state to grant legality to medical marijuana, and the number has now increased to 18.
一位美国药品管制官员曾说:“每年都有人死于烟酒，但却没有人死于吸食大麻。大麻没有危险的副作用，不会损害肝、肾、大脑或染色体（胎儿），即使长期大量使用也不会对身体造成永久性的损害。”
由于显著的药物效果，医用大麻在美国的合法过程相对顺利，于是在1996年，加利福尼亚州成为美国首个允许医用大麻的州，目前已经增加到18个州。
“Americans should be allowed to use marijuana, which a personal freedom.”
“美国人应该被准许吸食大麻，这是个人的自由。”
Medical marijuana gains more and more recognition, but the legalization of recreational marijuana still faces the challenge of public opinions. Anyhow, many Americans, from White House officials to ordinary folks, have once used marijuana. And marijuana may, like cigarette, be regarded as a personal hobby or leisure.
Proponents have said in public to the media that Americans should be allowed to use marijuana, which is personal freedom. In a society where beer, whiskey, wine and tobacco are all legal, it is unreasonable to prohibit this recreational drug. Some supporters have argued that complicated reasons cause marijuana to have been prohibited almost everywhere, but if one day marijuana is legalized, it will make people rethink the inertial idea about the so-called " drugs".
医用大麻正越来越多的得到认可，但对于娱乐性大麻的合法化仍将面临各方舆论的挑战。无论如何，此次科罗拉多州率先通过娱乐性大麻合法的一个关键在于，许多美国人：上至白宫官员，下至升斗小民，都有使用大麻的经验。而大麻则可能像过去的香烟一样，被当作一种个人的嗜好或休闲。
支持者曾公开对媒体表示，美国人应该被准许吸食大麻，这是个人的自由，在一个啤酒、威士忌、葡萄酒以及烟草都合法的社会里，没有理由禁止大麻这样消遣性的药物。也有支持者认为大麻在本世纪普遍被禁，有其很复杂的多重原因，但是如果有朝一日大麻得以全面解禁，它带来的结果将是让人们开始摆脱对所谓“毒品”的惯性思考。
“The long-term effects of marijuana on physical health wait to be verified”
“大麻对身体健康的长期影响仍需验证”
Proponents argue that marijuana is not as dangerous as some people have expected; whereas opponents think that is a wrong signal, which may cause serious health and social problems. Although it is relatively easy to monitor instant effect of marijuana in the laboratory, its long-term effect on body and mind is still difficult to judge. "Existing results can be interpreted in many ways, which requires us to be on an alert." said Madeline Meier, a clinical psychologist at Duke University. Marijuana is a kind of recreational drug, which was banned from being used in America since 1930s, but there are still many lawbreakers. Marijuana can cause lung and respiratory cancers, and will let a person have illusions. More seriously, marijuana is the starting point to other drugs. Consequently, the legalization of marijuana has suffered a backlash from the mainstream American society in the past. People are particularly worried about its effects on children’s physical and mental conditions and social ethos, so opponents think that we need to be careful. In the conservative southern United States, not only the legalization of recreational marijuana, but that of medical marijuana is faced with many obstacles.
支持者认为大麻并不存在人们所预想的危险，而反对者则表示，这是传递了错误信号，恐怕会带来严重的健康和社会问题。尽管在实验室监控大麻的即时效应相对容易，但其对身体和心智的长期影响就较难判断了。“现有的结果无疑可以作多种解读，大麻对身体健康的长期影响仍需验证，这提醒我们需要提高警惕。”杜克大学的临床心理学家玛德琳·迈耶说。大麻是一种软性毒品，美国从上个世纪三十年代起开始禁用，但一直处于屡禁不止的状态。大麻会引发肺部及呼吸道等部位的癌变，让人产生幻觉，还会上瘾。
更严重的是，大麻常是通向其他毒品的起点，事实上很多瘾君子都是从吸食大麻开始的。正因如此，历史上很长的一段时间里，大麻的合法化遭到了来自美国主流社会的强烈抵制。其中，人们尤其担忧的是它对青少年身心和社会风气造成的影响，因此反对者们认为需谨慎行事，特别是在保守的美国南部，不仅是娱乐性大麻合法化，就是大麻医用合法化都面临着重重阻碍。
“The legalization of marijuana will have bad influence on teenagers and the whole society”
“大麻的解放将会对青少年和社会风气带来不良影响”
Experts say that one of the concerns from the legalization of marijuana is its influence among teenagers, and many young people use marijuana in many schools. A nationwide survey of American high school students shows that nearly 50% of them have touched marijuana, and the number is higher in universities. Opponents say: "The legalization of marijuana will have bad influence on teenagers and the whole society. Therefore, the consequences are worrying." A rehabilitation center survey also shows that it is marijuana that sends many teenagers into the abyss of drugs.
Others believe that the legalization of marijuana will do harm to society. The legalization of marijuana in medical field gave rise to drug smuggling, trafficking and selling even on campuses, as well as violent attacks by criminal groups. The chief police officer in Los Angeles pointed out: Marijuana-caused crimes emerge all the time. Marijuana has gradually become a risk affecting social stability. Once recreational marijuana gains social popularity, it may cause more harms to society.
有专家表示，大麻的合法化带来的担忧之一就是其在青少年中的影响。大麻在许多学校流传，年轻人吸大麻的比例比较高。一项在全美高中生中的调查显示，近50%的学生接触过大麻，在大学更为普遍。有反对者表示:“大麻的解放将会对青少年和社会风气带来不良影响，如此发展下去，后果实在令人堪忧。”美国戒毒中心调查也显示，许多青少年开始接触和吸食其他毒品就是从大麻开始的。
另有人认为，大麻合法化还会对社会造成危害。药用大麻合法后，就有犯罪分子贩卖走私，甚至在校园里贩卖，犯罪集团还动辄就会暴力伤人。洛杉矶警局局长曾指出，因大麻引起的犯罪案件层出不穷。大麻逐渐成为影响社会稳定的危险因子。一旦娱乐性大麻被社会普及，对社会的不良影响更大。
尽管很多医生认为，将大麻用于暂时性缓解某些疾病的症状是足够安全的，但消遣用大麻的安全性还没有得到很好的研究；也另有人对于大麻的未来管控提出了疑问:“大部分关于医用或消遣用大麻的新法规都未能说明其潜在风险。”可见，大麻的松绑之路依然存在着巨大的挑战和持续的争议。“禁”或“放”仍将是个问题。
“Using marijuana will not be more dangerous than drinking and smoking”
“吸食大麻不会比吸烟喝酒更危险”
According to a survey made by the Pew Research Center in 2013, 52% of Americans think it is reasonable to own small amounts of marijuana. This is the first time that more than half of the people are against marijuana prohibition in a national survey. A nationwide survey before a referendum in Colorado also showed that 48% of Americans had tried marijuana, and about 6.5% of senior high school students admitted they smoked every day. Therefore, it’s not surprising for Colorado to carry referendum before the U.S. presidential election in November 2012, deciding to legalize marijuana. However, people who are under 21 are not allowed to use marijuana in the state. Activists want the rest of America’s states to pass similar laws as soon as possible. Behind the requirement for prohibition are clamors of supporters.
Still more supporters argue that scientific studies have shown that marijuana has high medicinal values, particularly for mental illness. And its level of addiction is no higher than that of tobacco and alcohol. Alan Greenspan, retired professor from Harvard Medical School, said in his book: Evidence shows that smoking marijuana can relieve nausea caused by chemical agents, prevent blindness caused by glaucoma, and improve the appetite of AIDS patients. It can also be used as an antiepileptic drug with functions such as relieving asthma and migraines, mitigating chronic pain, reducing muscle spasm with scleroma and treating cerebral palsy and paraplegia, etc.
据美国皮尔研究中心2013年的一项调查发现，52%的美国人支持拥有小剂量的大麻。这是第一次在全国调查中显示超过半数的人反对大麻禁令。而在科罗拉多全民公投之前的一项全美范围的调查也显示，48%的美国人称曾尝试吸食大麻，约6.5%的高年级高中生承认每天吸食。因此，2012年11月美国总统大选之际，科罗拉多州率先通过公投，决定将消遣用大麻合法化也就并不令人惊奇了。不过，这两个州仅限年满21周岁者限量使用大麻。激进分子则希望美国其他地区也能尽快通过类似法令。而要求通过禁令的背后是支持者的呼声。
更多的支持者认为，科学研究显示大麻有着很高的药用价值，尤其是对精神疾病，其上瘾程度也并不比烟草和酒精强多少。美国哈佛医学院退休的格林斯潘教授就在其所著的书中称：有证据表明吸食大麻可以减轻由化学药剂产生的反胃现象、预防由青光眼引起的失明、能促进艾滋病患者的食欲、可以作为抗癫痫的药物、能缓解哮喘和偏头疼、减轻慢性疼痛、减少伴随多硬结的肌肉痉挛，还可以治疗脑瘫和下身麻痹等等。 An American drug regulatory official once said: "Every year, there are people dying from alcohol and tobacco, but no one has died from smoking marijuana. Marijuana has no side effects, nor damage to the liver, kidney, brain, or chromosome (fetal). Even long-term usage will not cause permanent damage to the body."
Due to the significant effect of drugs, the legal process of medical marijuana is relatively smooth in the United States. And in 1996, California became the first state to grant legality to medical marijuana, and the number has now increased to 18.
一位美国药品管制官员曾说:“每年都有人死于烟酒，但却没有人死于吸食大麻。大麻没有危险的副作用，不会损害肝、肾、大脑或染色体（胎儿），即使长期大量使用也不会对身体造成永久性的损害。”
由于显著的药物效果，医用大麻在美国的合法过程相对顺利，于是在1996年，加利福尼亚州成为美国首个允许医用大麻的州，目前已经增加到18个州。
“Americans should be allowed to use marijuana, which a personal freedom.”
“美国人应该被准许吸食大麻，这是个人的自由。”
Medical marijuana gains more and more recognition, but the legalization of recreational marijuana still faces the challenge of public opinions. Anyhow, many Americans, from White House officials to ordinary folks, have once used marijuana. And marijuana may, like cigarette, be regarded as a personal hobby or leisure.
Proponents have said in public to the media that Americans should be allowed to use marijuana, which is personal freedom. In a society where beer, whiskey, wine and tobacco are all legal, it is unreasonable to prohibit this recreational drug. Some supporters have argued that complicated reasons cause marijuana to have been prohibited almost everywhere, but if one day marijuana is legalized, it will make people rethink the inertial idea about the so-called " drugs".
医用大麻正越来越多的得到认可，但对于娱乐性大麻的合法化仍将面临各方舆论的挑战。无论如何，此次科罗拉多州率先通过娱乐性大麻合法的一个关键在于，许多美国人：上至白宫官员，下至升斗小民，都有使用大麻的经验。而大麻则可能像过去的香烟一样，被当作一种个人的嗜好或休闲。
支持者曾公开对媒体表示，美国人应该被准许吸食大麻，这是个人的自由，在一个啤酒、威士忌、葡萄酒以及烟草都合法的社会里，没有理由禁止大麻这样消遣性的药物。也有支持者认为大麻在本世纪普遍被禁，有其很复杂的多重原因，但是如果有朝一日大麻得以全面解禁，它带来的结果将是让人们开始摆脱对所谓“毒品”的惯性思考。
“The long-term effects of marijuana on physical health wait to be verified”
“大麻对身体健康的长期影响仍需验证”
Proponents argue that marijuana is not as dangerous as some people have expected; whereas opponents think that is a wrong signal, which may cause serious health and social problems. Although it is relatively easy to monitor instant effect of marijuana in the laboratory, its long-term effect on body and mind is still difficult to judge. "Existing results can be interpreted in many ways, which requires us to be on an alert." said Madeline Meier, a clinical psychologist at Duke University. Marijuana is a kind of recreational drug, which was banned from being used in America since 1930s, but there are still many lawbreakers. Marijuana can cause lung and respiratory cancers, and will let a person have illusions. More seriously, marijuana is the starting point to other drugs. Consequently, the legalization of marijuana has suffered a backlash from the mainstream American society in the past. People are particularly worried about its effects on children’s physical and mental conditions and social ethos, so opponents think that we need to be careful. In the conservative southern United States, not only the legalization of recreational marijuana, but that of medical marijuana is faced with many obstacles.
支持者认为大麻并不存在人们所预想的危险，而反对者则表示，这是传递了错误信号，恐怕会带来严重的健康和社会问题。尽管在实验室监控大麻的即时效应相对容易，但其对身体和心智的长期影响就较难判断了。“现有的结果无疑可以作多种解读，大麻对身体健康的长期影响仍需验证，这提醒我们需要提高警惕。”杜克大学的临床心理学家玛德琳·迈耶说。大麻是一种软性毒品，美国从上个世纪三十年代起开始禁用，但一直处于屡禁不止的状态。大麻会引发肺部及呼吸道等部位的癌变，让人产生幻觉，还会上瘾。
更严重的是，大麻常是通向其他毒品的起点，事实上很多瘾君子都是从吸食大麻开始的。正因如此，历史上很长的一段时间里，大麻的合法化遭到了来自美国主流社会的强烈抵制。其中，人们尤其担忧的是它对青少年身心和社会风气造成的影响，因此反对者们认为需谨慎行事，特别是在保守的美国南部，不仅是娱乐性大麻合法化，就是大麻医用合法化都面临着重重阻碍。
“The legalization of marijuana will have bad influence on teenagers and the whole society”
“大麻的解放将会对青少年和社会风气带来不良影响”
Experts say that one of the concerns from the legalization of marijuana is its influence among teenagers, and many young people use marijuana in many schools. A nationwide survey of American high school students shows that nearly 50% of them have touched marijuana, and the number is higher in universities. Opponents say: "The legalization of marijuana will have bad influence on teenagers and the whole society. Therefore, the consequences are worrying." A rehabilitation center survey also shows that it is marijuana that sends many teenagers into the abyss of drugs.
Others believe that the legalization of marijuana will do harm to society. The legalization of marijuana in medical field gave rise to drug smuggling, trafficking and selling even on campuses, as well as violent attacks by criminal groups. The chief police officer in Los Angeles pointed out: Marijuana-caused crimes emerge all the time. Marijuana has gradually become a risk affecting social stability. Once recreational marijuana gains social popularity, it may cause more harms to society.
有专家表示，大麻的合法化带来的担忧之一就是其在青少年中的影响。大麻在许多学校流传，年轻人吸大麻的比例比较高。一项在全美高中生中的调查显示，近50%的学生接触过大麻，在大学更为普遍。有反对者表示:“大麻的解放将会对青少年和社会风气带来不良影响，如此发展下去，后果实在令人堪忧。”美国戒毒中心调查也显示，许多青少年开始接触和吸食其他毒品就是从大麻开始的。
另有人认为，大麻合法化还会对社会造成危害。药用大麻合法后，就有犯罪分子贩卖走私，甚至在校园里贩卖，犯罪集团还动辄就会暴力伤人。洛杉矶警局局长曾指出，因大麻引起的犯罪案件层出不穷。大麻逐渐成为影响社会稳定的危险因子。一旦娱乐性大麻被社会普及，对社会的不良影响更大。