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蔡元培先生的《图画》,是在北洋军阀时期所编的《华工学校讲义》四十篇讲义中的一篇。虽只短短几百字,却多方面地说明了有关图画的知识。我想就课文中涉及的某些问题介绍一点知识,供备课时参考。一、画面上的“远近之比例,明暗之掩映”《图画》里说,“(立)体之感觉何自起?曰:起于远近之比例,明暗之掩映。”西洋画用定点透视法来显示画面上的人物、景物之间的远近关系。中国画用散点透视法来绘写景物,也就是说,不固定在—个视角。比方说,北宋张择端所画的《清明上河图》,绘出清明时节开封城汴河岸上店铺林
Mr. Cai Yuanpei’s “Pictures” is one of the forty handouts of the “Hungarian School Handouts” compiled during the period of the Northern Warlords. Although it was only a few hundred words, it explained the knowledge of the painting in many aspects. I would like to introduce some knowledge on some of the issues involved in the text for reference in lesson preparation. First, the “proportion of the distance, the shade of light and shade,” “Pictures,” said, “What is the feeling of (formation) body? Since: the ratio of the distance, the shade of light and shade.” Western-style painting with fixed-point perspective To show the distance between people and scenery on the screen. Chinese painting uses scatter perspective to draw landscapes, that is, it is not fixed in a perspective. For example, “The Qingming Shanghe Diagram” painted by Zhang ZDuan in the Northern Song Dynasty shows the Qinglin Festival on the bank of the city bank of Kaifeng City.