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[目的]了解海口市海水浴场环境,分析海水浴对人群健康的影响。[方法]于2008年6月23日～6月24日的下午3～5时,对西海岸海水浴场现场人群进行问卷调查并作历史队列研究,调查内容主要包括是否有呼吸道、消化道、眼、耳、鼻、胸闷、足癣、皮肤感染症状及精神状态的改变,连续2d内完成。[结果]共发放问卷500份,回收460份,游泳组眼睛发炎、耳疼发生率均高于未游泳组,差异均有统计学意义(P﹤0.01);恶心的发生率低于未游泳组,差异有统计学意义(P﹤0.01)。两组皮肤瘙痒、胃疼、腹泻、感冒流涕、喉咙疼、精神改善、足癣改善、稳定期的冠心病人及心血管疾患病人症状改善等差异无统计学意义(P﹥0.05)。游泳组发生率最高的症状为:眼睛发炎和皮肤瘙痒;改善症状最为明显的为:头昏和皮肤光滑感觉的改善。Logistic回归分析结果表明,引起人群耳朵疼症状的主要危险因素包括游泳(OR值为2.619,95%CI为1.329～5.161),引起人群眼睛发炎的危险因素包括未戴游泳眼镜(OR值为2.348,95%CI为1.388～3.973)。游泳时吞咽海水为恶心的危险因素。(OR值为7.258,95%CI为3.104～16.929)[结论]海水浴对人群的健康会产生有利或不利的影响,人群的游泳习惯与其对健康的影响密切相关,游泳时当准备好防护措施,保护好眼、耳等易感染部位,尽量少游或选择水质较好的浴场游泳。
[Objective] To understand the environment of Haikou beach and analyze the influence of seawater bath on the population health. [Method] From March 23 to June 24, 2008, from 3 to 5 pm, a questionnaire survey was conducted on the population of the West Coast beach and a historical cohort study was conducted. The contents of the survey include whether there are respiratory tract, digestive tract, eye, Ear, nose, chest tightness, athlete’s foot, skin infection symptoms and mental state changes, completed within 2d. [Results] A total of 500 questionnaires were distributed and 460 were recovered. The incidence of eye irritation and ear pain were higher in swimming group than in non-swimming group (P <0.01). The incidence of nausea was lower than that of non-swimming group , The difference was statistically significant (P <0.01). No significant difference was found between the two groups (pruritus, stomach ache, diarrhea, runny nose, sore throat, sore throat, mental improvement, improvement of tinea pedis, stable coronary heart disease and patients with cardiovascular diseases). Symptoms of the highest incidence of swimming group: eye irritation and itchy skin; to improve the most obvious symptoms are: dizziness and smooth skin feel improved. Logistic regression analysis showed that the main risk factors of ear pain in the population included swimming (OR = 2.619, 95% CI: 1.329-5.1661). The risk factors of eye inflammation in the population included no swimming glasses (OR = 2.348, 95% CI 1.388 ~ 3.973). Swimming swallowed sea water as a nausea risk factors. (OR = 7.258, 95% CI = 3.104 ~ 16.929). [Conclusion] Thalassotherapy can have beneficial or unfavorable effects on the health of the population. The swimming habits of the population are closely related to their health effects. When swimming, the protective measures should be prepared, Protect the eyes, ears and other parts of the site of infection, try to swim less or choose a better water bath.