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大坝失事会导致使人类生命财产遭受毁灭性损失的大灾害.这种现象是时依的、多相的(水～土相互作用)和非均质的(不同材料、不同密实度的土壤,等等).土坝失事期间所涉及的过程是动态的且很复杂.尽管人们已认识到失事的主要方式是管涌或漫顶,但对初始溃口的位置和尺寸却知之甚少.溃口形成到最终大坝失事的过程涉及了水力学、水动力学、水文学、泥沙输移力学和土力学各方面的问题.溃坝形成的骤发洪水的形状、量级和时间的预报, 对防洪疏散计划和水库安全运用都很重要.一旦形成初始溃口,泄水将冲蚀溃口直至库水放空或溃口阻碍侵蚀发展.20年来,应
Dams can lead to catastrophe devastating damage to human life and property.This phenomenon is time-dependent, heterogeneous (water ~ soil interaction) and heterogeneous (different materials, different densities of soil, Etc.) The processes involved during the Earth-Dams are dynamic and complex, and although it has been recognized that the main way of a crash is tube-flooding or overhanging, little is known about the location and size of the initial breach, The final dam failure process involved various aspects of hydraulics, hydrodynamics, hydrology, sediment transport mechanics, and soil mechanics, and the prediction of the shape, Evacuation plans and safe use of reservoirs are all important. Once an initial breach is formed, the discharge will flush the breach until the reservoir water is drained or the breach hinder the development of erosion. For 20 years,