自本世纪初 Ehrich 提出“魔弹”概念以来,许多学者致力于研究将抗肿瘤抗体与制剂连接,从而特异性杀伤肿瘤细胞。50年代,Pressman 和 korngold 发展了放射性同位素双标记方法(分别应用两种不同的放射核素标记抗肿瘤血清和非免疫血清),使肿瘤的定位更趋准确。60年代,发现了一些肿瘤相关抗原(这类抗原存在于正常组织中,但肿瘤中浓度更高),应用最广的是癌胚抗原(CEA)和甲胎蛋白(AFP)。70年代,特异多克隆抗肿瘤抗体被用于动物模型的肿瘤定位。应用 kohler 和 Milstein的杂交瘤技术,可有效地产生大量特定抗原的特异性抗体,从而促进了免疫导向研究的发 Since Ehrich proposed the concept of “magic bullets” at the beginning of this century, many scholars have devoted themselves to the study of linking anti-tumor antibodies and preparations to specifically kill tumor cells. In the 1950s, Pressman and Korngold developed a dual-label radioisotope method (using two different radionuclide labeled anti-tumor and non-immune sera, respectively) to make the tumor more accurate. In the 1960s, a number of tumor-associated antigens were found (such antigens were present in normal tissues, but the concentrations were higher in tumors), and the most widely used were CEA and AFP. In the 1970s, specific polyclonal anti-tumor antibodies were used for tumor localization in animal models. The use of the hybridoma technology of Kohler and Milstein can effectively produce a large number of specific antibodies specific to antigens, thereby facilitating the development of immuno-directed studies.