制订地区防病规划时;在分析客观需求及存在问题之后,即应确定疾病防治的重点。常规测量疾病的指标有发病率、患病率及死亡率等,这些指标常用来评价疾病对人群健康危害的程度和卫生保健措施对提高人群健康水平以及疾病控制的效果。例如根据各种疾病死亡率及死因构成比的大小,排出死因顺位,可以做为确定疾病防治重点的参考。目前在死因顺位的研究中,疾病分类标准是一重要问题。例如目前我国占死因顺位第一位的疾病是心脏病,然而其中肺心病却占有相当比例,据估计,城市约占1/2,农 At the time of formulation of regional disease prevention plan, after analyzing objective needs and existing problems, the focus of disease prevention and control should be identified. Routine measures of disease indicators morbidity, morbidity and mortality, etc., these indicators are commonly used to assess the extent of the disease on the health risks of people and health care measures to improve people’s health and disease control effect. For example, according to the mortality of various diseases and the proportion of the cause of death, the rank of cause of death is discharged, which can be used as a reference to determine the focus of disease control. Currently in the study of the cause of death rankings, the classification of diseases is an important issue. For example, at present, the first cause of death in China is heart disease, but pneumoconiosis accounts for a considerable proportion of them. It is estimated that the urban area accounts for about 1/2 of the total