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目的探讨铁法煤业集团某矿区自建矿以来接尘工人煤工尘肺发病情况及其规律,为进一步加强煤工尘肺防治和管理提供科学依据。方法选择自建矿以来具有1 a以上粉尘接触史的接尘工人,采用寿命表法分析接尘工人不同接尘工龄、工种和接尘年代煤工尘肺累积患病率的分布与差异。结果具有1 a以上粉尘接触史的工人共计4888人,未患煤工尘肺接尘工人4747人,煤工尘肺患者60人,失访81人。研究显示,煤矿工人接尘工龄越长,煤工尘肺累积患病率越高,接尘工龄>30 a、20~30 a和<20 a的煤工尘肺累积患病率分别为33.6%、9.1%和5.5%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);掘进工种煤工尘肺累积患病率(17.8%)明显高于采煤工(2.9%)和混合工(3.0%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);1965年前、1965~1975年和1975年后开始参加接尘作业的工人煤工尘肺累积患病率分别为3.8%、1.8%和0.1%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论煤工尘肺累积患病率随入矿年代的后移呈逐渐下降趋势,接尘工龄长和从事掘进工作的煤矿工人煤工尘肺累积患病率高。
Objective To explore the incidence of pneumoconiosis and its regularity of workers exposed to dust in a mining area of Tiefa Coal Industry Group and provide scientific evidence for further prevention and control of pneumoconiosis in coal industry. Methods Dust-pick workers who had a contact history of more than 1 year since the construction of the mine were selected to analyze the distribution and differences of the accumulated prevalence of coal workers’ Results A total of 4888 workers with dust contact history over 1 year, 4,747 workers without coal dust and pneumoconiosis, 60 workers with coal dust and pneumoconiosis, and 81 people lost their jobs. The study shows that the longer the miners take the dust, the higher the cumulative prevalence of pneumoconiosis in coal workers, the cumulative prevalence of dust pneumoconiosis in coal workers> 30 a, 20-30 a and <20 a were 33.6% and 9.1.6%, respectively % And 5.5%, respectively (P <0.05). The accumulative prevalence of pneumoconiosis (17.8%) in coal miners was significantly higher than that in coal miners (2.9% and 3.0%), and the difference was statistically significant (P <0.01). The cumulative prevalence of pneumoconiosis among coal miners who started to work in dust collection before 1965, 1965-1975 and 1975 was 3.8%, 1.8% and 0.1%, respectively, with significant difference (P <0.05). Conclusions The cumulative prevalence of pneumoconiosis in coal workers shows a gradual downward trend with the backward age of the coal mines. The long duration of dust collection and the cumulative prevalence of pneumoconiosis pneumoconiosis among mine workers engaged in tunneling work are high.