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目的了解深圳市儿童血压水平及高血压患病率情况,探讨儿童高血压的易患因素。方法采用整群随机抽样的方法,对深圳市6~14岁儿童进行血压测量及问卷调查,观察与小学生高血压可能相关的危险因素。结果在调查的1 140名儿童中,高血压患病率为4.04%,男女儿童血压均随着年龄增长而呈升高的趋势;高血压儿童与正常儿童之间的身高、体重、腰围、臀围和体质指数(BMI)均具有显著差异(P<0.05);深圳户籍儿童高血压患病率显著高于非户籍儿童(P<0.05)。肥胖、高盐高脂饮食是儿童高血压的危险因素。结论儿童血压随着年龄增长呈升高趋势,高血压患病率与生长发育、家庭经济水平、肥胖及饮食习惯有关,控制体重,改变不良饮食习惯可减少高血压的发生。
Objective To understand the prevalence of hypertension and blood pressure in children in Shenzhen and explore the risk factors for hypertension in children. Methods A cluster random sampling method was used to measure blood pressure and questionnaire in children aged 6 ~ 14 in Shenzhen, and to observe the possible risk factors associated with hypertension in primary school students. Results Among the 1 140 children surveyed, the prevalence of hypertension was 4.04%. The blood pressure of both boys and girls tended to increase with age. The height, weight, waist circumference, buttocks between the hypertensive children and the normal children (P <0.05). The prevalence of hypertension in registered permanent residents in Shenzhen was significantly higher than that in non-registered children (P <0.05). Fat, high-salt, high-fat diet is a risk factor for hypertension in children. Conclusion The prevalence of hypertension in children shows an increasing trend with age. The prevalence of hypertension is related to growth and development, family economic status, obesity and dietary habits. Weight control and poor eating habits can reduce the incidence of hypertension.