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在内蒙古河套平原浅层地下水灌区,通过设计田间不同灌水处理试验,研究了不同供水条件下春小麦的耗水组成、水分利用效率及其与产量形成的关系,揭示了春小麦个体构型、群体结构、贮藏物质转运及籽粒灌浆等生理基础,为河套灌区春小麦节水高产技术体系的建立提供理论依据。结果表明,随着灌水量的增加,春小麦产量也相应增加,但水分利用效率和经济产量均以拔节和抽穗期灌2水处理最高;春小麦的水分利用效率与地下水补给量呈极显著正相关,即随着灌水量增加,地下水补给量减少,小麦生育期总耗水量增加,而群体水分利用效率相应降低。因此,在水资源紧缺的河套平原灌区,在秋季浇足底墒水基础上,春浇2水(拔节期+抽穗期)是春小麦实现高产的最佳节水灌溉模式。在此节水灌溉模式下,小麦单株叶面积减少,开花期叶面积指数相应较低,此种株型和群体结构有利于改善群体内光照条件,灌浆期叶面积衰减慢,物质生产能力较高,且茎鞘贮藏物质的转运及籽粒灌浆速率快,粒重增加。同时,地上部较小的冠层结构又减少了水分的蒸腾消耗,提高了群体水分利用效率,这是节水栽培春小麦实现高产与高水分利用效率统一的生理基础。
In the shallow groundwater irrigation area of Hetao Plain in Inner Mongolia, the water consumption composition and water use efficiency of spring wheat under different water supply conditions and their relationship with yield formation were studied through the design of different irrigation treatments in the field. The individual structure, population structure, Storage material transport and grain filling and other physiological basis for the Hetao irrigation spring water-saving and high yield technology system to provide a theoretical basis. The results showed that the yield of spring wheat increased with the increase of irrigation amount, but both of water use efficiency and economic yield were highest at jointing stage and heading stage. The water use efficiency of spring wheat was significantly and positively correlated with groundwater recharge, That is, with the increase of irrigation volume, the recharge of groundwater decreases, and the total water consumption during wheat growth increases, while the water use efficiency of population decreases correspondingly. Therefore, spring water 2 (jointing stage + heading stage) is the best water-saving irrigation mode for spring wheat to achieve high yield in the water shortage Hetao plain irrigation area. Under the water-saving irrigation mode, the leaf area per plant decreased and the leaf area index at flowering stage was relatively low. The plant type and population structure were beneficial to improve the light conditions in the population. The leaf area decayed slowly and the material production capacity High, and the stems and sheaths of storage material transport and grain filling rate, grain weight increase. At the same time, the smaller canopy structure of shoots reduced the transpiration consumption of water and improved the water use efficiency of population, which is the uniform physiological basis of high yield and high water use efficiency of water-saving cultivation of spring wheat.