一、总的介绍 每年１１月，全球学术界的目光都注视着瑞典首都斯德哥尔摩，看今年的诺贝尔奖将颁给哪些人．诺贝尔奖现在已成为有关学科的国际最高荣誉奖．虽然也存在一些争议，特别是在和平奖和文学奖的授予上，但是在自然科学的几个奖项（物理奖、化学奖、生理学或医学奖）上 I. General Introduction Every November, the eyes of the global academic community are watching the capital of Sweden, Stockholm, to see who will be awarded this year’s Nobel Prize. The Nobel Prize has now become the highest honor international award in the discipline. Although there are some controversies, especially on the awarding of the Peace Prize and the Literary Prize, in several awards of the natural sciences (Physical Prize, Chemistry Prize, Physiology or Medical Prize)