论文部分内容阅读
背景
这节课的主题是畅谈何谓成功的要诀，让学生学习用英语表述其中的因果关系，表达力求清晰有条理。学习之前，学生通过文章选读，明确了在奥林匹克的竞赛中，运动员是如何成功的。有了相关的知识背景，学生对何谓成功的要诀，先有了初步认知，同时运用本节课中的表述方式，学生英语的沟通能力大大提高。
学情分析
这节课的教授对象为初中一年级的学生，共30人。除了两位学生在写、听、说方面表现稍逊外，其他学生在英语能力上均属中等。
学习内容
（一）认知目标
1.使学生继续学习归纳主题，找出学习内容的关键，进而掌握主题的特点。
2.使学生更深层反思“成功”是什么。
（二）能力目标
培养学生协作学习、相互交流、共同发展使用正确英语及逻辑表述的能力。
（三）情感目标
通过文章阅读及个案研讨，激发学生为理想而奋斗的信念。
教学重点、难点
1.学习使用正确英语及逻辑的表述的能力。
2.学生更深层反思“成功”的意义是什么。
教学理念
以人为本，辅以不同的教学策略，强调学生为中心的教学理念。根据学生实际需要创设贴近学生实际的教学任务。
教学工具和资源
采用多媒体辅助教学，自制教学课件及工作纸，适当利用板书。
教学设施环境
普通教室、投影及电脑设备。
教学过程
（T-teacher, S-student, Ss-all students）
1.引起学习动机 (同时向学生展示简报PPT)
T：Good morning class.
Ss：Good morning Miss Yu.
T：Today, we are going to start Unit 7, the topic is the secrets of success. Here is today's agenda. First, I will ask you to answer this question：what is success, and then we will learn the expression "have to" and "don't have to". Next, we will read a passage： why are they so successful, and then we are going to play a matching game. Now, what is success, can anybody tell me what success is?
Ss：(students are discussing)
T：Is success a good thing or a bad thing?
Ss：Good thing.
T：It is a good thing. What do you think people need to be successful?
S1：Maybe nice job or something like that?
T：Good, they need to have a nice job. Can you please help me write a nice job on the board?
S2：Don't be lazy.
T：Don't be lazy, in another words, be...
S2：Be hard-working.
T：Good, they have to be hard-working. Write hard-working on the board please. What else do we need?
Ss：(No response)
T：Can you think of one? Give it a try.
S3：Be lucky.
T：Good, they have to be lucky. So, can you write the word, lucky, on the board please?
S4：Be good at sport.
T：Ok, they have to be good at sport, so why don't you go up and write it down.
S5：You need to have a dream.
T：Please write that on the board.
S6：Clever, they have to be clever.
T：Please go up and write that down.
S7：They need to have good school results.
T：Very good.
T：Thank you. What else?
S8：Talented.
T：Ok, be talented.
S9：Do not hurt our parents.
T：Ok, taking care of your parents. Please write that down. What else?
S10：Having good friends.
T：That's right.
S11：Be nice to your boss.
T：Oh, Be nice to your boss, this is the most important. Ok, please put that up. Alright, Having good friends, a dream, hard-working, a nice job, lucky, talented, good at sport, clever, taking care of parents, getting good school results, and nice to your boss, that's it?
S12：Have a good partner.
T：Right.
S13：Have a good boss. He can help you to be successful.
T：Ok, so you can say have a good boss. Right, you can write it down, please.
S14：Have lots of money.
T：Oh! Have lots of money. Be rich.
T：Ok, I think we have enough.
【设计意图】首先，向学生展示课标、教程及用简单的提问引起学生讨论的兴趣。展开师生对话，自然地进入学习内容。此环节联系了学生已有的知识，他们思维活跃，各抒己见，尽显年轻人的思考取向及文化。这与教师的教学风格有关：(1)教学语调亲切、贴近学生；(2)以学生为本的教学氛围；(3)提问直接、简洁，教师注意在难点处对学生的启发。
2.学习关键
T：Now,these are the key-words. Now that we have the keywords, "hard-working", "have a nice boss", "be lucky", "have a dream" and many other ones. We need to express them in the sentence form. We need to be able to express these things or sentences. We can't just say "hard-working" or "nice boss". When we answer questions, we need to say it in a sentence form. Ok, so for positive sentences, "I, we, you, they", we use "have to". For example, we say "They have to be hard-working".
For "he, she, it", we use "has to". So, we say "he has to be hard-working".
Ok, for negative sentences, "I, we, you, they", we use "do not have to". For example, we say "They don't have to be rich". Ok? And for "he, she and it", we use "does not have to".
So, we say "He doesn't have to be rich".
Now, point to note. We use "have or has to" to say "this is necessary". When we say it is ne-cessary to be hard-working, we say "they have to be hard- working".
On the other hand, we use "do or does not have to" to say "this is not necessary", ok?
So, you go through this article. You can fill this information in the rule box provided.
【设计意图】设置这部分的目的，在于协助学生处理表述过程中常见的难点，并介绍英语句式攻克本节课教学难点。
3.热身练习
T：I want you to fill in the blanks using these key words that you have written up on the board, ok? (shown at PPT)
So, just pick anyone that you think a person need or people need to be successful, ok? Use these keywords and this structure.
T：Do you understand this structure: "they have to…", Do you understand this?
S15：They have to be lucky.
T：Yes, they have to be lucky. Alright? So, for us, be lucky is one of the factors that leads to success. You have to say "they have to be lucky".
S16：They have to be talented.
S17：They have to be rich.
T：So, they have to be rich or they have to have a lot of money.
S18：They have to be hard- working.
S19：They have to have a dream.
T：Right.This is very important.
T：Now, let's try the negative sentence "they do not have to…".
T：This really depends on your value, you know? We can think or you may think you don't need a dream or they don't have to be rich to be successful. So it really depends on your values, ok?
S20：They do not have to having many friends.
T：They don't have to…So, after "to", do we put "ing"?
S21：No.
T：Do you want to change it?
S20：They do not have to have many friends.
T：Good.
S22：They do not have to be lucky.
S23：They do not have to be nice to their boss.
T：Are you sure?
S24：Yes.
T：Ok, so you can be your own boss.
【设计意图】透过教师从旁协助、鼓励、修正、提示，可助学生熟悉表述方式，为套用于现实生活情境作好准备。
4.默读文章
T：Let's go on to silent reading.
I want you to turn to the article and we are going to read "Why are they so successful".
T：Now, what you need to do is to try to guess the meaning of words you don't understand.Just try to make a guess. Don't just give up. And then, answer the questions below…which are in part B, alright? Answer the questions. I will give you 3 minutes to do this.
T：When you finish reading the article, try to answer the question below.
【设计意图】透过教师从旁协助、鼓励、修正、提示，学生主动地找出关键字词及不太明白之处，并尝试先从自己开始，解决疑难。这一活动可在帮助学生熟悉表述方式之余，学会自主学习。
5.朗读文章及提取关键字词意思
T：Alright, I can see that most of you have completed all the questions. We are going to read the article aloud together as usual and please check your answers while you're reading.
T：Now we are reading the article together and at the same time, I have put the article up on the screen and highlighted all the answer to the questions.
Ss：(students read the article altogether)
T：Can you define the word "talent"?
S25：Clever.
T：It is not necessary…Can you read the article? The line after the word "talent" in purple?
S26：A special ability to do something very well.
T：Right. This is "ta-lent", a special ability to do something very well. Can anybody give me a sentence using the word "talent"?
S28：You have talent in sport.
【设计意图】朗读或诵读是目视、耳听、口诵、理解的综合心理过程。除了帮助学生增强语感，教师协助学生就学习课题进行定义，清除学习上的障碍，并以对话闲谈、轻松的邀请方式，渗入学习内容，学生自然而然地学会学习。
6.游戏中学习：对对碰（略）
7.仿作练习
T：Good, let us move on.Next, we are going to do a matching game.I am going to give you two worksheets.The first one contains 15 pictures and factors which lead to success.And I want you to match these factors to the pictures. Don't worry. We will work on this together. Also, I will give you another sheet that you need to write your answers on it.
T：You can look at the pictures on the sheet and identify the profession of these people. (Students start to work in group of 4, and share their ideas together for 15 minutes)
Can anybody tell me what "profession" is?
T：What is profession?
S1：Something like a job.
T：So, let us identify these people's professions before we write the sentences.
T：First picture, what is her profession?
S2：Model.
S3：Artist.
T：I have here "a movie star". (the word "movie star" show on the screen)
T：Now, what do movie stars need to be successful? Remember the structure "they have to be……".
S4：They have to be remembered the things well.
S5：They have to have a good voice.
T：Yes, they have to have a good voice when they sing.
T：And try the next picture. Let us try this one, this is easy.
S6：Pilot.
T：What do pilots need to be successful?
S7：They have to have good eyes.
T：Yes, they have to have good eyesight. They need to be able to see well.
T：Next picture. What is his profession?
Ss：A doctor.
T：What do doctors need to be successful. Can you give me a sentence?
S8：They have to like people.
T：They have to like people.To be a successful doctor, do not hate their patient.
S9：They have to be good at using medicine.
T：Next one.
【设计意图】此环节主要培养学生的应用技巧。学生运用略读和查读的技巧于前，归纳要点然后运用在后。教师在与学生的互动过程中，因势利导，通过大量的仿作练习，让学生实践、修改答案、自我发现问题的意思，学习解难及表达技巧。与此同时，教师不断检查学生的进度及对学习主题的掌握度。这个方法能有效地加速理解的过程，学生从中也学习了归纳主题和学会应用。学生需通过阅读、筛选、判断、整理、分析、推论，才能得出答案，回馈教师。组织学生以交流协作的方式小组讨论、全班评价，学生互相协作，取长补短，资讯共用。另外，也可以整合和补充学生的语言和技能。
8.总结所学
9.家课配置：工作纸
T：What have you learnt today?
Ss：Different professions.
T：Yes. And the grammar pattern?
Ss："Have to" and "don't have to"...
T：Yes. Homework.
T：Don't worry. It is easy. On the back of worksheet, I want you to write an essay on what people need to be successful in a particular profession. Pick one of the professions and tell me what they need to be successful.
点评
这节课充分体现了循序渐进、循循善诱的启发教学方式。在这节课中，充分利用多媒体，采取协作及对话的方式，培养了学生听、说、读、写、思维等多种技能，更强调学生的体会。
在教与学的过程中，教师依据学习目标，设计合适的学习内容和课业，选择恰当的学习材料，并视课堂上的每位为同一学习社群，教学相长。既能在开放平等的学习环境下互动学习，让学生发现问题、解决问题，继而讨论交流，积极思考。这种共同建构式的教学取向，可从学生的参与率极高而知。单是学生的个别回应，在短短的45分钟的课堂中，已有80人次，而集体回应的次数、白板上的公开练习也不少！一些语言表达能力弱的学生参与机会也相对较多。相信，这与课堂规划清晰、教师教学风格、遣词用语准确相关。把知识转化成能力也属本节课的目标，学生已能用简单的英语句型表述话语。
这节课的主题是畅谈何谓成功的要诀，让学生学习用英语表述其中的因果关系，表达力求清晰有条理。学习之前，学生通过文章选读，明确了在奥林匹克的竞赛中，运动员是如何成功的。有了相关的知识背景，学生对何谓成功的要诀，先有了初步认知，同时运用本节课中的表述方式，学生英语的沟通能力大大提高。
学情分析
这节课的教授对象为初中一年级的学生，共30人。除了两位学生在写、听、说方面表现稍逊外，其他学生在英语能力上均属中等。
学习内容
（一）认知目标
1.使学生继续学习归纳主题，找出学习内容的关键，进而掌握主题的特点。
2.使学生更深层反思“成功”是什么。
（二）能力目标
培养学生协作学习、相互交流、共同发展使用正确英语及逻辑表述的能力。
（三）情感目标
通过文章阅读及个案研讨，激发学生为理想而奋斗的信念。
教学重点、难点
1.学习使用正确英语及逻辑的表述的能力。
2.学生更深层反思“成功”的意义是什么。
教学理念
以人为本，辅以不同的教学策略，强调学生为中心的教学理念。根据学生实际需要创设贴近学生实际的教学任务。
教学工具和资源
采用多媒体辅助教学，自制教学课件及工作纸，适当利用板书。
教学设施环境
普通教室、投影及电脑设备。
教学过程
（T-teacher, S-student, Ss-all students）
1.引起学习动机 (同时向学生展示简报PPT)
T：Good morning class.
Ss：Good morning Miss Yu.
T：Today, we are going to start Unit 7, the topic is the secrets of success. Here is today's agenda. First, I will ask you to answer this question：what is success, and then we will learn the expression "have to" and "don't have to". Next, we will read a passage： why are they so successful, and then we are going to play a matching game. Now, what is success, can anybody tell me what success is?
Ss：(students are discussing)
T：Is success a good thing or a bad thing?
Ss：Good thing.
T：It is a good thing. What do you think people need to be successful?
S1：Maybe nice job or something like that?
T：Good, they need to have a nice job. Can you please help me write a nice job on the board?
S2：Don't be lazy.
T：Don't be lazy, in another words, be...
S2：Be hard-working.
T：Good, they have to be hard-working. Write hard-working on the board please. What else do we need?
Ss：(No response)
T：Can you think of one? Give it a try.
S3：Be lucky.
T：Good, they have to be lucky. So, can you write the word, lucky, on the board please?
S4：Be good at sport.
T：Ok, they have to be good at sport, so why don't you go up and write it down.
S5：You need to have a dream.
T：Please write that on the board.
S6：Clever, they have to be clever.
T：Please go up and write that down.
S7：They need to have good school results.
T：Very good.
T：Thank you. What else?
S8：Talented.
T：Ok, be talented.
S9：Do not hurt our parents.
T：Ok, taking care of your parents. Please write that down. What else?
S10：Having good friends.
T：That's right.
S11：Be nice to your boss.
T：Oh, Be nice to your boss, this is the most important. Ok, please put that up. Alright, Having good friends, a dream, hard-working, a nice job, lucky, talented, good at sport, clever, taking care of parents, getting good school results, and nice to your boss, that's it?
S12：Have a good partner.
T：Right.
S13：Have a good boss. He can help you to be successful.
T：Ok, so you can say have a good boss. Right, you can write it down, please.
S14：Have lots of money.
T：Oh! Have lots of money. Be rich.
T：Ok, I think we have enough.
【设计意图】首先，向学生展示课标、教程及用简单的提问引起学生讨论的兴趣。展开师生对话，自然地进入学习内容。此环节联系了学生已有的知识，他们思维活跃，各抒己见，尽显年轻人的思考取向及文化。这与教师的教学风格有关：(1)教学语调亲切、贴近学生；(2)以学生为本的教学氛围；(3)提问直接、简洁，教师注意在难点处对学生的启发。
2.学习关键
T：Now,these are the key-words. Now that we have the keywords, "hard-working", "have a nice boss", "be lucky", "have a dream" and many other ones. We need to express them in the sentence form. We need to be able to express these things or sentences. We can't just say "hard-working" or "nice boss". When we answer questions, we need to say it in a sentence form. Ok, so for positive sentences, "I, we, you, they", we use "have to". For example, we say "They have to be hard-working".
For "he, she, it", we use "has to". So, we say "he has to be hard-working".
Ok, for negative sentences, "I, we, you, they", we use "do not have to". For example, we say "They don't have to be rich". Ok? And for "he, she and it", we use "does not have to".
So, we say "He doesn't have to be rich".
Now, point to note. We use "have or has to" to say "this is necessary". When we say it is ne-cessary to be hard-working, we say "they have to be hard- working".
On the other hand, we use "do or does not have to" to say "this is not necessary", ok?
So, you go through this article. You can fill this information in the rule box provided.
【设计意图】设置这部分的目的，在于协助学生处理表述过程中常见的难点，并介绍英语句式攻克本节课教学难点。
3.热身练习
T：I want you to fill in the blanks using these key words that you have written up on the board, ok? (shown at PPT)
So, just pick anyone that you think a person need or people need to be successful, ok? Use these keywords and this structure.
T：Do you understand this structure: "they have to…", Do you understand this?
S15：They have to be lucky.
T：Yes, they have to be lucky. Alright? So, for us, be lucky is one of the factors that leads to success. You have to say "they have to be lucky".
S16：They have to be talented.
S17：They have to be rich.
T：So, they have to be rich or they have to have a lot of money.
S18：They have to be hard- working.
S19：They have to have a dream.
T：Right.This is very important.
T：Now, let's try the negative sentence "they do not have to…".
T：This really depends on your value, you know? We can think or you may think you don't need a dream or they don't have to be rich to be successful. So it really depends on your values, ok?
S20：They do not have to having many friends.
T：They don't have to…So, after "to", do we put "ing"?
S21：No.
T：Do you want to change it?
S20：They do not have to have many friends.
T：Good.
S22：They do not have to be lucky.
S23：They do not have to be nice to their boss.
T：Are you sure?
S24：Yes.
T：Ok, so you can be your own boss.
【设计意图】透过教师从旁协助、鼓励、修正、提示，可助学生熟悉表述方式，为套用于现实生活情境作好准备。
4.默读文章
T：Let's go on to silent reading.
I want you to turn to the article and we are going to read "Why are they so successful".
T：Now, what you need to do is to try to guess the meaning of words you don't understand.Just try to make a guess. Don't just give up. And then, answer the questions below…which are in part B, alright? Answer the questions. I will give you 3 minutes to do this.
T：When you finish reading the article, try to answer the question below.
【设计意图】透过教师从旁协助、鼓励、修正、提示，学生主动地找出关键字词及不太明白之处，并尝试先从自己开始，解决疑难。这一活动可在帮助学生熟悉表述方式之余，学会自主学习。
5.朗读文章及提取关键字词意思
T：Alright, I can see that most of you have completed all the questions. We are going to read the article aloud together as usual and please check your answers while you're reading.
T：Now we are reading the article together and at the same time, I have put the article up on the screen and highlighted all the answer to the questions.
Ss：(students read the article altogether)
T：Can you define the word "talent"?
S25：Clever.
T：It is not necessary…Can you read the article? The line after the word "talent" in purple?
S26：A special ability to do something very well.
T：Right. This is "ta-lent", a special ability to do something very well. Can anybody give me a sentence using the word "talent"?
S28：You have talent in sport.
【设计意图】朗读或诵读是目视、耳听、口诵、理解的综合心理过程。除了帮助学生增强语感，教师协助学生就学习课题进行定义，清除学习上的障碍，并以对话闲谈、轻松的邀请方式，渗入学习内容，学生自然而然地学会学习。
6.游戏中学习：对对碰（略）
7.仿作练习
T：Good, let us move on.Next, we are going to do a matching game.I am going to give you two worksheets.The first one contains 15 pictures and factors which lead to success.And I want you to match these factors to the pictures. Don't worry. We will work on this together. Also, I will give you another sheet that you need to write your answers on it.
T：You can look at the pictures on the sheet and identify the profession of these people. (Students start to work in group of 4, and share their ideas together for 15 minutes)
Can anybody tell me what "profession" is?
T：What is profession?
S1：Something like a job.
T：So, let us identify these people's professions before we write the sentences.
T：First picture, what is her profession?
S2：Model.
S3：Artist.
T：I have here "a movie star". (the word "movie star" show on the screen)
T：Now, what do movie stars need to be successful? Remember the structure "they have to be……".
S4：They have to be remembered the things well.
S5：They have to have a good voice.
T：Yes, they have to have a good voice when they sing.
T：And try the next picture. Let us try this one, this is easy.
S6：Pilot.
T：What do pilots need to be successful?
S7：They have to have good eyes.
T：Yes, they have to have good eyesight. They need to be able to see well.
T：Next picture. What is his profession?
Ss：A doctor.
T：What do doctors need to be successful. Can you give me a sentence?
S8：They have to like people.
T：They have to like people.To be a successful doctor, do not hate their patient.
S9：They have to be good at using medicine.
T：Next one.
【设计意图】此环节主要培养学生的应用技巧。学生运用略读和查读的技巧于前，归纳要点然后运用在后。教师在与学生的互动过程中，因势利导，通过大量的仿作练习，让学生实践、修改答案、自我发现问题的意思，学习解难及表达技巧。与此同时，教师不断检查学生的进度及对学习主题的掌握度。这个方法能有效地加速理解的过程，学生从中也学习了归纳主题和学会应用。学生需通过阅读、筛选、判断、整理、分析、推论，才能得出答案，回馈教师。组织学生以交流协作的方式小组讨论、全班评价，学生互相协作，取长补短，资讯共用。另外，也可以整合和补充学生的语言和技能。
8.总结所学
9.家课配置：工作纸
T：What have you learnt today?
Ss：Different professions.
T：Yes. And the grammar pattern?
Ss："Have to" and "don't have to"...
T：Yes. Homework.
T：Don't worry. It is easy. On the back of worksheet, I want you to write an essay on what people need to be successful in a particular profession. Pick one of the professions and tell me what they need to be successful.
点评
这节课充分体现了循序渐进、循循善诱的启发教学方式。在这节课中，充分利用多媒体，采取协作及对话的方式，培养了学生听、说、读、写、思维等多种技能，更强调学生的体会。
在教与学的过程中，教师依据学习目标，设计合适的学习内容和课业，选择恰当的学习材料，并视课堂上的每位为同一学习社群，教学相长。既能在开放平等的学习环境下互动学习，让学生发现问题、解决问题，继而讨论交流，积极思考。这种共同建构式的教学取向，可从学生的参与率极高而知。单是学生的个别回应，在短短的45分钟的课堂中，已有80人次，而集体回应的次数、白板上的公开练习也不少！一些语言表达能力弱的学生参与机会也相对较多。相信，这与课堂规划清晰、教师教学风格、遣词用语准确相关。把知识转化成能力也属本节课的目标，学生已能用简单的英语句型表述话语。