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背景:立体视是了解双眼单视功能是否完善的一个重要指标,它在斜视、弱视、屈光不正等眼病的诊断及疗效评价方面有重要意义。目的:了解海口市3～6岁儿童斜视患病率及立体视觉的发育情况,以便对斜视及立体视异常的及时防治提供客观数据。设计:随机、整群抽样调查。单位:海口市人民医院眼科。对象:选择2000-06/2002-04海口市中心区及市郊随机抽取的25所幼儿园儿童8326人,年龄3～6岁。方法:对海口市3～6岁8326名儿童进行远视力、眼位、近立体视等检查,双眼视力低于1.0或眼位异常者行阿托品散瞳验光。①4～6岁查国际标准视力表或对数视力表,3岁查条栅或图形视力表,经换算统一以小数记录。②用角膜映光法及遮盖法查眼位。③应用中国科学院生物物理研究所立体视力检测卡查立体视锐度(≤60s为正常,≥100s为异常)。各检查项目医生固定。主要观察指标:①各年龄组受试者眼位及立体视检查结果。②斜视儿童验光结果。③受试者视力与立体视锐度的关系。④各年龄组儿童的立体视锐度。⑤影响立体视的可能病因。结果:按实际处理分析。8326人进入视力及眼位检查的结果分析,7664人进入立体视检查的结果分析,662人未能表达立体视检查项目而退出。①各年龄组受试者眼位及立体视检查结果:斜视者165人,占2.0%;首次发现斜视占斜视患儿的89.7%;立体视检查≥100s者2106人,占27.5%。②斜视儿童验光结果:内斜视患者中93.5%发生于远视眼,外斜视及垂直性斜视患者中远视眼及近视眼构成比无明显差别。③受试者视力与立体视锐度的关系:正常者立体视锐度正常率为75.5%。随着视力的下降,立体视锐度下降(P<0.05或0.01)。④各年龄组儿童的立体视锐度:随着年龄增加,立体视锐度正常者也呈增加趋势。⑤影响立体视的可能病因:以斜视性弱视影响最大。结论:①调查结果中近90%的斜视患儿在本次调查中被首次发现,引起立体视异常的原因有屈光不正、斜视、弱视等。②共同性内斜视与调节的关系较密切,而外斜视、垂直斜视与屈光状态关系不大,立体视锐度随视力下降而降低。③调查结果支持立体视发育的成熟年龄在4岁以前,但存在个体差异。
BACKGROUND: Stereoscopy is an important index for understanding whether binocular monoscopic function is perfect or not. It is of great significance in the diagnosis and evaluation of eye diseases such as strabismus, amblyopia and refractive errors. Objective: To understand the prevalence of strabismus and stereoscopic vision in children aged 3 ~ 6 years in Haikou City in order to provide objective data for prevention and treatment of strabismus and stereopsis. Design: randomized, cluster sampling survey. Unit: Haikou People’s Hospital of Ophthalmology. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 8326 children aged 25 years were selected randomly from 25 districts and suburbs in Haikou City from June 2000 to April 2002. Methods: A total of 8326 children aged 3 ~ 6 years old in Haikou were examined for distance vision, near vision and stereopsis. The visual acuity of eyes was less than 1.0 or the eye position was abnormal. ① 4 to 6-year-old check the international standard visual acuity chart or logarithmic visual acuity chart, 3-year-old check bar or chart visual acuity chart, converted to a decimal record. ② corneal mapping method and cover method to check the eye position. ③ Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences stereo vision test card stereoscopic visual acuity (≤ 60s for the normal, ≥ 100s for the abnormal). Each examination item doctor fixed. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ①Each age group subjects eye position and stereoscopic examination results. ② strabismus optometry results. ③ subjects visual acuity and stereoacuity relationship. ④ children of all ages stereopsis sharpness. ⑤ affect the possible causes of stereopsis. Results: According to the actual treatment analysis. 8326 people into visual acuity and eye position examination results analysis, 7664 people into the stereoscopic examination results analysis, 662 people failed to express stereoscopic examination items and exit. ① Eye position and stereopsis of subjects in all age groups: 165 were strabismus, accounting for 2.0%. Strabismus accounted for 89.7% of children with strabismus for the first time, and 2106 were diagnosed as stereopsis ≥100s, accounting for 27.5%. ② strabismus optometry results: 93.5% of esotropia patients occurred in hyperopia, exotropia and vertical strabismus in patients with presbyopia and myopia constitute no significant difference. The subjects visual acuity and stereoacuity relationship: normal stereoscopic acuity normal rate of 75.5%. With decreased visual acuity, stereoacuity decreased (P <0.05 or 0.01). ④ stereopsis of children of all age groups: with age, stereopsis normal also showed an increasing trend. ⑤ affect the possible causes of stereopsis: the most affected strabismic amblyopia. Conclusion: (1) Nearly 90% of children with strabismus were found for the first time in this survey. The causes of abnormal stereopsis were anisometropia, strabismus and amblyopia. ② common esotropia and regulation of the relationship is more closely related to exotropia, vertical strabismus and refractive status is not significant, stereopsis sharpness decreases with decreased vision. ③ The findings support the stereotypical development of mature age before the age of 4, but there are individual differences.