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[中图分类号]H31
[文献标识码]A
[文章编号]1006-2831(2008)02-0134-2
潘红老师在《文化因素·语用意义·英汉翻译》一文中说:“英语中的Derby and Joan这一短语,出自18世纪英国的一首民谣。老Derby与妻子Joan相亲相爱、形影不离。渐渐地,它就成为恩爱夫妻的代名词了。”(见《福州大学学报(社科版)》1996年第1期33页)
笔者查阅著名的网上词典OneLook Dictionary,有九种词典给出了Darby and Joan的释义,内容基本一致,如The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language的释义和注解为:An elderly married couple who live a placid, harmonious life together and are seldom seen apart. [Probably after Darby and Joan, a couple in an 18th-century English ballad.]据此,潘红老师的介绍准确无误,只是Derby似应拼作Darby。那么该成语来自18世纪英国的哪一首民谣呢?
据维基百科全书(Wikipedia),该成语最早可能出现在1735年《绅士杂志》(The Gentleman’s Magazine)刊登的一首名叫《颂歌:甜蜜爱情永不忘》(The Joys of Love Never Forgot: A Song)的诗中。诗作者是干印刷工的老Darby的徒弟Henry Woodfall。诗中有一节为:
Old Darby, with Joan by his side
老达比,琼伴身边影不离,
You’ve often regarded with wonder.
世人对此常惊奇。
He’s dropsical, she is sore-eyed
达比水肿琼眼痛,
Yet they’re ever uneasy asunder.
然则二人永不离。
受此诗启发,另一位作者St. John Honeywood专门以“Darby and Joan”为题,创作了一首诗歌。诗中有:
When Darby saw the setting sun,
眼见夕阳已西沉,
He swung his scythe and home he run,
达比收拾镰刀把家还,
Sat down, drank off his quart and said,
落座喝水把话说:
“My work is done, I’ll go to bed.”
“一天工作结束了,可以上床休息了。”
维多利亚时代的Frederic Edward Weatherby进行文学接力,再次以“Darby and Joan”为题,创作了一首诗歌。诗的结尾是:
Hand in hand when our life was May
青春作伴手牵手,
Hand in hand when our hair is grey
两鬓斑白影不离。
Shadow and sun for every one,
光与影赐予我们每个人。
As the years roll on;
斗转星移,年复一年,
Hand in hand when the long night tide
漫漫长夜手牵手,
Gently covers us side by side–
夜色温柔紧相依
Ah! lad, though we know not when,
啊!老伴,不知今昔何时,
Love will be with us forever then:
爱情常在到永远:
Always the same, Darby my own,
永远不变,达比,我的夫,
Always the same to your old wife Joan.
永远不变,对琼,你的妻。
创作的接力棒最后交到现代英国作家肖伯纳(George Bernard Shaw)的手上。他同样以诗歌的形式歌颂了二人的恩爱之情。诗的开头是:
There they sit, day by day,
他们坐在那儿,日复一日,
They do not talk, there is nothing to say.
他们不说话,默默无语。
Darby and Joan the eighties for bye.
达比和琼,已至耋耄之年。
Enjoying the Sun and the light blue sky.
享受阳光与蓝天。
They smile to each other a tender smile.
他们相视而笑,温柔地笑。
Theirs has been truly a life worth while.
他们已不虚此生。
以上我们介绍了Darby and Joan在英国文学史上旅行的粗略轨迹,它所包含的米姆(meme),即“恩爱夫妻”这一文化因子经二百多年而不变。牛津英语词典指出,Darby and Joan作为“恩爱夫妻”的代名词,是一种诙谐的用法,尤指贫寒的老年夫妇(见下图)。
在英国方言中,Darby and Joan的词义经过引申,指用来装饰壁炉架的一对雌雄瓷人;Darby and Joan club指老年男女俱乐部;并派生出动词Darby-and-Joan(夫妻恩爱)和形容词Darby-and-Joanish(恩爱夫妻的)。
[文献标识码]A
[文章编号]1006-2831(2008)02-0134-2
潘红老师在《文化因素·语用意义·英汉翻译》一文中说:“英语中的Derby and Joan这一短语,出自18世纪英国的一首民谣。老Derby与妻子Joan相亲相爱、形影不离。渐渐地,它就成为恩爱夫妻的代名词了。”(见《福州大学学报(社科版)》1996年第1期33页)
笔者查阅著名的网上词典OneLook Dictionary,有九种词典给出了Darby and Joan的释义,内容基本一致,如The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language的释义和注解为:An elderly married couple who live a placid, harmonious life together and are seldom seen apart. [Probably after Darby and Joan, a couple in an 18th-century English ballad.]据此,潘红老师的介绍准确无误,只是Derby似应拼作Darby。那么该成语来自18世纪英国的哪一首民谣呢?
据维基百科全书(Wikipedia),该成语最早可能出现在1735年《绅士杂志》(The Gentleman’s Magazine)刊登的一首名叫《颂歌:甜蜜爱情永不忘》(The Joys of Love Never Forgot: A Song)的诗中。诗作者是干印刷工的老Darby的徒弟Henry Woodfall。诗中有一节为:
Old Darby, with Joan by his side
老达比,琼伴身边影不离,
You’ve often regarded with wonder.
世人对此常惊奇。
He’s dropsical, she is sore-eyed
达比水肿琼眼痛,
Yet they’re ever uneasy asunder.
然则二人永不离。
受此诗启发,另一位作者St. John Honeywood专门以“Darby and Joan”为题,创作了一首诗歌。诗中有:
When Darby saw the setting sun,
眼见夕阳已西沉,
He swung his scythe and home he run,
达比收拾镰刀把家还,
Sat down, drank off his quart and said,
落座喝水把话说:
“My work is done, I’ll go to bed.”
“一天工作结束了,可以上床休息了。”
维多利亚时代的Frederic Edward Weatherby进行文学接力,再次以“Darby and Joan”为题,创作了一首诗歌。诗的结尾是:
Hand in hand when our life was May
青春作伴手牵手,
Hand in hand when our hair is grey
两鬓斑白影不离。
Shadow and sun for every one,
光与影赐予我们每个人。
As the years roll on;
斗转星移,年复一年,
Hand in hand when the long night tide
漫漫长夜手牵手,
Gently covers us side by side–
夜色温柔紧相依
Ah! lad, though we know not when,
啊!老伴,不知今昔何时,
Love will be with us forever then:
爱情常在到永远:
Always the same, Darby my own,
永远不变,达比,我的夫,
Always the same to your old wife Joan.
永远不变,对琼,你的妻。
创作的接力棒最后交到现代英国作家肖伯纳(George Bernard Shaw)的手上。他同样以诗歌的形式歌颂了二人的恩爱之情。诗的开头是:
There they sit, day by day,
他们坐在那儿,日复一日,
They do not talk, there is nothing to say.
他们不说话,默默无语。
Darby and Joan the eighties for bye.
达比和琼,已至耋耄之年。
Enjoying the Sun and the light blue sky.
享受阳光与蓝天。
They smile to each other a tender smile.
他们相视而笑,温柔地笑。
Theirs has been truly a life worth while.
他们已不虚此生。
以上我们介绍了Darby and Joan在英国文学史上旅行的粗略轨迹,它所包含的米姆(meme),即“恩爱夫妻”这一文化因子经二百多年而不变。牛津英语词典指出,Darby and Joan作为“恩爱夫妻”的代名词,是一种诙谐的用法,尤指贫寒的老年夫妇(见下图)。
在英国方言中,Darby and Joan的词义经过引申,指用来装饰壁炉架的一对雌雄瓷人;Darby and Joan club指老年男女俱乐部;并派生出动词Darby-and-Joan(夫妻恩爱)和形容词Darby-and-Joanish(恩爱夫妻的)。