宇宙飞船在几个关键方面不同于其它科技产品:宇宙飞船飞行时,暴露在与地面环境极不相同的不利环境中;一经发射就不能再检修;一种型号的飞船产量仅限于一艘,至多也只有少量几个模型;飞船的设计需要最高的技术水平,并需经过全面测试证实可工作在空间环境条件下。 上述种种,再加上精度要求较高以及技术错综复杂,所以宇宙飞船造价昂贵,因而要求具有很高的成功率,这就迫使国家航空和航天局(NASA)采取与地面上所采用的略有不同的可靠性手段。NASA业已发现某些传统的可靠性工程方法,诸如寿命试验、可靠性论证试验、可维修性分析以及直接故 Spacecraft is different from other technology products in several key ways: Spacecraft flying is exposed to very adverse environmental conditions from the ground; it can not be overhauled after launch; and a spacecraft of one model is limited to one ship at most There are only a few models; the design of the spacecraft requires the highest level of technology and is subject to thorough testing to confirm that it can work under space conditions. All of the above, coupled with the need for higher accuracy and sophisticated technology, make the spacecraft costly and therefore require a high rate of success, forcing NASA to adopt a slightly different approach from the ground The reliability of means. NASA has discovered that some of the traditional methods of reliability engineering, such as life testing, reliability demonstration testing, maintainability analysis, and direct