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目的了解安徽省铜陵市入园、托儿童的乙型肝炎(乙肝)疫苗接种情况,为在低龄儿童中进行乙肝防治提供参考依据。方法用血清流行病学分析方法 ,对2007年9月在铜陵市第四人民医院体检的入园、托儿童1240人进行问卷调查并采集静脉血标本2ml,用ELISA法检测乙肝表面抗原(HBsAg)和乙肝表面抗体(HBsAb)。结果本次调查的1240名儿童中,HBsAg阳性率为0.1%、HBsAb阳性率63.8%,乙肝疫苗首针接种率99.6%、首针接种及时率91.8%、全程接种率99.2%,HBsAb阳性率随年龄增长递减(χ2=12.94,P<0.01),有乙肝疫苗接种史的儿童HB-sAb阳性率高于未接种乙肝疫苗的儿童,乙肝疫苗第三针接种后HBsAb阳性率逐年降低(χ2=30.76,P<0.01)。结论儿童乙肝疫苗的接种率较高,但乙肝表面抗体阳性率不是很高,有必要进行加强免疫,提高乙肝疫苗首针接种及时率、全程接种率。
Objective To understand the situation of Hepatitis B (hepatitis B) vaccination for children admitted to Tongling City, Anhui Province, and to provide reference for prevention and control of hepatitis B in young children. Methods Serum epidemiological analysis method was used to investigate the incidence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) in 1240 people admitted to the Fourth People ’s Hospital of Tongling City in September 2007 by questionnaire and venous blood samples collected by ELISA. And hepatitis B surface antibody (HBsAb). Results Among the 1240 children surveyed, the positive rate of HBsAg was 0.1%, the positive rate of HBsAb was 63.8%, the first needle inoculation rate of hepatitis B vaccine was 99.6%, the first needle inoculation rate was 91.8%, the whole course inoculation rate was 99.2%. The positive rate of HBsAb The positive rate of HBsAb in children with history of hepatitis B vaccination was higher than that of children without HBV vaccination (χ2 = 12.94, P <0.01), and the positive rate of HBsAb was decreased year by year (χ2 = 30.76 , P <0.01). Conclusion The vaccination rate of hepatitis B vaccine is high in children, but the positive rate of hepatitis B surface antibody is not very high. It is necessary to strengthen the immunity and improve the timely vaccination rate and the whole vaccination rate of hepatitis B vaccine.