1840年鸦片战争,列强强迫清政府签定中英《南京条约》、中美《望厦条约》、中法《黄埔条约》等一批不平等条约,1856年至1860年的第二次鸦片战争,英、法、美、俄四国逼使清政府签定了中俄《瑷珲条约》、中外《天津条约》,中外《北京条约》。1894年至1895年甲午中日战争,日本强迫清政府签定了中日《马关条约》,1900年八国联军侵略中国,强迫清政府签定了《辛丑条约》,使中国完全陷入半殖民地半封建社会的深渊。 During the Opium War in 1840, the powers forced the Qing government to sign a number of unequal treaties such as the Sino-British Treaty of Nanking, the Sino-U.S. Wangxia Treaty, the Sino-French Treaty of Huangpu, the Second Opium War from 1856 to 1860 Britain, France, the United States and Russia forced the Qing government to sign the Sino-Russian Treaty of Smurf, the Sino-Foreign “Tianjin Treaty” and the “Beijing Treaty” both at home and abroad. During the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895, Japan forced the Qing government to sign the Sino-Japanese “Treaty of Shimonoseki.” In 1900, the Allied Forces of the Eight Powers invaded China, forcing the Qing government to sign the “Xinchou Treaty,” so that China completely fell into the semi-colonial The abyss of semi-feudal society.