论文部分内容阅读
To get the full value of joy, you must have someone to divide it with. 要想找到快乐的真谛，就该和人一起分享。
Everyone has a past, but don’t let it get in the way of how you build your future. 谁都有过去，但不要让过去妨碍了自己去创造未来。
“不干不净，不会生病”，这本来是人们自我解嘲的托词。但顶级美国科学家却证明了它的合理性。
A new study suggests that early exposure to germsgerm：微生物；细菌。 strengthens the immune systemimmune：system 免疫系统。. That means letting children get a little dirty might be good for their health later in life.
The study involvedinvolve：包含，牵涉，牵连。 laboratory mice. It found that adult mice raised in a germfree environment were more likely to develop allergiesallergies：变态反应性；过敏症。, asthmaasthma：哮喘。 and other autoimmune disordersautoimmune disorders：自身免疫性疾病。. There are more than eighty disorders where cells that normally defend the body instead attack tissues and organs.
They include rheumatoid arthritisrheumatoid arthritis：类风湿关节炎。, which attacks the joints; Crohn’s diseaseCrohn’s disease：克罗恩病。, an inflammatory bowel conditioninflammatory bowel condition：炎症性肠病。; and juvenile diabetesjuvenile diabetes：青少年糖尿病。. Hay fever, a common allergy, is also an autoimmune disorder.
Richard Blumberg is a professor at Harvard Medical School in Boston, Massachusetts. He says in nineteen eightynine, medical researchers sought to explain these diseases with what they called the “hygiene hypothesishygiene hypothesis：卫生假说。.” They proposed that the increasing use of antibacterial soapsantibacterial soaps：抗菌肥皂。 and other products, especially early in life, could weaken immune systems.
RICHARD BLUMBERG: “The hypothesis has stated or suggested that earlylife exposure to microbesmicrobes：微生物。 is a very important determinantdeterminant：决定因素。 of later life sensitivity to allergic and socalled autoimmune diseases, such as hay fever, asthma, inflammatory bowel disease and others.”
Now, Dr. Blumberg and a team have what they say is the first biological evidence to link early exposure to germs to stronger adult immune systems. They say this exposure could prevent the development of some autoimmune diseases.
In the adult germfree mice, they found that inflammation in the lungs and coloncolon：结肠。 was caused by socalled killer T cells. These normally fight infection. But they became overactive and targeted healthy tissue—an autoimmune condition seen in asthma and a disease called ulcerative colitisulcerative colitis：溃疡性结肠炎。.
Dr. Blumberg says the mice raised in a normal environment did not have the same reaction. He says their immune systems had been “educated” by early exposure to germs.
RICHARD BLUMBERG: “What was really most remarkable to us was the fact that once the education event provided by the microbes occurred in early life, it was durable and lasted throughout the life of the animal.”
Rates of autoimmune disorders are rising worldwide, but mostly in wealthier, industrialized countries.
RICHARD BLUMBERG: “I think one obvious question, for example, that’s raised by these studies is the early life use of antibioticsantibiotics：抗生素。 and whether we need to be more careful in their prescribingprescribing：开处方。.”
Rob Dunn is a professor of ecology and evolutionary biologyecology and evolutionary biology：生态学和进化生物学。 at North Carolina State University in Raleigh. He says the new study does not mean people should stop washing.
ROB DUNN: “Wash your hands, but don’t do it with antimicrobial soap. Let your kids play in a reasonable amount of dirt and get outside and get exposed to a diversity ofa diversity of：多样性的。 things.”
Everyone has a past, but don’t let it get in the way of how you build your future. 谁都有过去，但不要让过去妨碍了自己去创造未来。
“不干不净，不会生病”，这本来是人们自我解嘲的托词。但顶级美国科学家却证明了它的合理性。
A new study suggests that early exposure to germsgerm：微生物；细菌。 strengthens the immune systemimmune：system 免疫系统。. That means letting children get a little dirty might be good for their health later in life.
The study involvedinvolve：包含，牵涉，牵连。 laboratory mice. It found that adult mice raised in a germfree environment were more likely to develop allergiesallergies：变态反应性；过敏症。, asthmaasthma：哮喘。 and other autoimmune disordersautoimmune disorders：自身免疫性疾病。. There are more than eighty disorders where cells that normally defend the body instead attack tissues and organs.
They include rheumatoid arthritisrheumatoid arthritis：类风湿关节炎。, which attacks the joints; Crohn’s diseaseCrohn’s disease：克罗恩病。, an inflammatory bowel conditioninflammatory bowel condition：炎症性肠病。; and juvenile diabetesjuvenile diabetes：青少年糖尿病。. Hay fever, a common allergy, is also an autoimmune disorder.
Richard Blumberg is a professor at Harvard Medical School in Boston, Massachusetts. He says in nineteen eightynine, medical researchers sought to explain these diseases with what they called the “hygiene hypothesishygiene hypothesis：卫生假说。.” They proposed that the increasing use of antibacterial soapsantibacterial soaps：抗菌肥皂。 and other products, especially early in life, could weaken immune systems.
RICHARD BLUMBERG: “The hypothesis has stated or suggested that earlylife exposure to microbesmicrobes：微生物。 is a very important determinantdeterminant：决定因素。 of later life sensitivity to allergic and socalled autoimmune diseases, such as hay fever, asthma, inflammatory bowel disease and others.”
Now, Dr. Blumberg and a team have what they say is the first biological evidence to link early exposure to germs to stronger adult immune systems. They say this exposure could prevent the development of some autoimmune diseases.
In the adult germfree mice, they found that inflammation in the lungs and coloncolon：结肠。 was caused by socalled killer T cells. These normally fight infection. But they became overactive and targeted healthy tissue—an autoimmune condition seen in asthma and a disease called ulcerative colitisulcerative colitis：溃疡性结肠炎。.
Dr. Blumberg says the mice raised in a normal environment did not have the same reaction. He says their immune systems had been “educated” by early exposure to germs.
RICHARD BLUMBERG: “What was really most remarkable to us was the fact that once the education event provided by the microbes occurred in early life, it was durable and lasted throughout the life of the animal.”
Rates of autoimmune disorders are rising worldwide, but mostly in wealthier, industrialized countries.
RICHARD BLUMBERG: “I think one obvious question, for example, that’s raised by these studies is the early life use of antibioticsantibiotics：抗生素。 and whether we need to be more careful in their prescribingprescribing：开处方。.”
Rob Dunn is a professor of ecology and evolutionary biologyecology and evolutionary biology：生态学和进化生物学。 at North Carolina State University in Raleigh. He says the new study does not mean people should stop washing.
ROB DUNN: “Wash your hands, but don’t do it with antimicrobial soap. Let your kids play in a reasonable amount of dirt and get outside and get exposed to a diversity ofa diversity of：多样性的。 things.”