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目的研究杭州市西湖区2009-2014年学校、幼托机构水痘疫情的流行病学特征,为加强学校水痘防治提供科学依据。方法收集整理杭州市西湖区2009-2014年学校和幼托机构水痘疫情相关资料,应用描述性分析进行流行病学特征分析。结果 2009-2014年杭州市西湖区学校和幼托机构水痘疫情合计28起,报告发病354例,罹患率为6.59‰。疫情主要集中在3、4和9-12月。28起疫情中,小学占60.71%(17/28),354例病例中,6~11岁年龄组学生占70.62%(250/354),水痘突破病例占50.56%(179/354)。突破性病例作为指示病例有13起,占全部28起聚集性疫情的46.43%。结论学校尤其小学是水痘疫情的高发场所,水痘突破病例给临床诊断和疾病控制带来了新的难度,2剂次水痘疫苗免疫策略有望为疫情防控带来成效。
Objective To study the epidemiological characteristics of chickenpox epidemics in schools and kindergartens from 2009 to 2014 in Xihu District, Hangzhou City, and to provide scientific basis for the prevention and treatment of chickenpox in schools. Methods The data on the epidemic situation of chicken pox in schools and kindergartens from 2009 to 2014 in Xihu District of Hangzhou were collected and analyzed by means of descriptive analysis. Results From 2009 to 2014, a total of 28 chickenpox outbreaks were reported in schools and kindergartens in Xihu District of Hangzhou City. 354 cases were reported with an attack rate of 6.59 ‰. The outbreak mainly concentrated in 3,4 and 9-12 months. Out of 28 outbreaks, 60.71% (17/28) of primary epidemics occurred. Of the 354 cases, 70.62% (250/354) of the students in the age group of 6 to 11 years and 50.56% (179/354) of the cases of breakthrough in chickenpox. Thirteen cases of breakthrough cases were indicated, accounting for 46.43% of all 28 cases of cluster outbreaks. Conclusion The school, especially the primary school, is a high incidence of chickenpox epidemic. The breakthrough of chickenpox brings new difficulties in clinical diagnosis and disease control. The immunization strategy of varicella vaccine is expected to bring about effective prevention and control of the epidemic.