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结直肠癌的病因仍未明了.因此,尚不可能作一级预防,即去除诱发的影响.生存率的提高有赖于二级预防,即检出可治疗的癌前病变或早期病变,为此需对危险人群定期进行普查筛选.结直肠癌是可筛选的疾病,原因为:1.常见病,美国约20人中可有1人患结肠癌.2.严重性,如不治疗大多致死.3.大多数病例的症状前期长.病人可有癌前腺瘤或早期病变数年而无症状.4.早期诊断和治疗预后良好.筛选所得病例经手术治疗后5年生存率在90%以上,有症状的病例则低于50%.
The etiology of colorectal cancer is still unknown. Therefore, it is not yet possible to perform primary prevention, that is, to remove induced effects. The increase in survival rate depends on secondary prevention, that is, the detection of treatable precancerous lesions or early lesions. Screening of dangerous populations should be carried out on a regular basis. Colorectal cancer is a categorical disease. The reasons are: 1. Common diseases. One in about 20 people in the United States can have colon cancer. 2. Severe, if not treated, mostly lethal. 3. Most cases have long-term symptoms. Patients may have precancerous adenomas or early lesions for several years without symptoms. 4. Early diagnosis and treatment have a good prognosis. The 5-year survival rate after screening is 50%. Symptoms were less than 50%.