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众所周知，形容词（短语）可以作定语、表语和补语。但在实际运用中，形容词（短语）作状语的现象并不少见。深刻认识这一语言现象，定会对我们在阅读、翻译等教学活动中准确理解句意起到积极作用。现就有关问题探讨如下。
一、 形容词作状语的语法特征
1.（修饰语+） 单个形容词作状语。如：
He said nothing but sat silent smoking. 他没有讲话，只静静地坐着抽烟。
Would you like to drink it hot？请趁热喝下好吗？
Much interested, he agreed to give it a try. 他很感兴趣,同意试一试。
2.并列的形容词作状语。如：
Young and short, I was afraid they wouldn’t let me go.
由于我年纪小个子矮，我怕他们不让我去。
The soldiers have arrived safe and sound from their mission. 士兵们在执行任务后已安全返回。
For years, wet or fine, he got up at 6 and had a run in the park.
多少年来，不管晴天下雨他总是６点起床在公园里跑一跑。
3.形容词短语作状语。如：
Afraid of difficulties, they prefer to take the easy road. 他们由于怕困难，宁愿走容易的路。
Glad to accept, she nodded her agreement. 由于乐意接受，她点头表示同意。
Aware of these pitfalls, this year I attempted to keep my resolutions to myself.
我深知这些问题，于是，今年我对自己的计划要严加保密。
4.形容词与从属连词连用作状语。如：
We can go to see him, if necessary. 有必要的话，我们可以去看他。
When angry, count ten before you speak; if very angry, count a hundred.
怒气来时，数到十再张嘴；怒气冲天时，数上一百回。
He is happy, though poor. 他虽然很穷，却很快乐。
They may apply force wherever and whenever necessary. 无论何时何地他们都可能动用武力。
5.“形容词+and ” 作状语
英语中经常见到nice, fine, good, beautiful, lovely, bright, rare等与and连用作状语，修饰形容词或副词，意为“非常、相当、很，完全”或“令人愉快地”等。如：
I didn’t like the speech, but at least it was nice and short. 我不喜欢那个发言，但好在很短。
The climate there was lovely and cool. 那里的气候凉爽宜人。
When he gets good and ready he’ll tell me. 他一切准备停当后会告诉我的。
I hit him beautiful and hard. 我狠狠揍了他。
We got a good supper, and grew rare and sleepy. 我们美美地吃过晚饭，开始昏昏欲睡了。
Here is no fine and dandy person in the world. 世上没有十全十美的人。
We’ll set off for the coast bright and early (in the morning), so we can have most of the day there.
我们将一大早就动身去海边，这样一天中大部分时间都可以待在那里。
二、形容词（短语）作状语时的语法和语义功能
1表示原因，相当于一个原因状语从句。如：
Exhausted (=Because he was exhausted), he fell asleep. 他累极了，倒头便睡。
Eager to have a rest, he entered the teahouse. 他很想休息一下，于是他进了一家茶馆。
Curious, we looked around for other guests. 由于好奇，我们向四周看看还有别的什么客人。
2.表示时间，相当于一个时间状语从句。如：
Ripe (=When they are ripe), these grapes are sweet. 这些葡萄熟的时候是很甜的。
Marine mammals are more useful dead than alive. 海洋哺乳动物死了时比活着更有用。
You must eat the vegetables fresh. 你们必须（趁）鲜吃这些蔬菜。
3.表示方式，相当于一个相应的副词。如：
The messenger arrived safe at headquarters. =The messenger arrived at headquarters safely.
信使平安到达司令部。
Her grandmother looked at her, kind and sweet. 她的祖母慈祥而亲切地注视着她。
Flushed and breathless, she bounded in through the gate.
她满脸通红气喘吁吁地从大门口跑了进来。
4.表示让步，相当于一个让步状语从句。如：
Though not necessary (=Though it was not necessary), he came here last night.
尽管没有必要，昨晚他还是来了。
Whether rich or poor, old or young, all have to die.
无论富人穷人，老年人还是年轻人，都免不了一死。
Whether right or wrong, she usually wins the argument.
无论是对是错，在争论中获胜的通常是她。
5.表示条件，相当于一个条件状语从句。如：
A man, if less brave (=if he is less brave), wouldn’t have dared to work in the enemy headquarters.
一个人如果不那么勇敢，是不敢在敌人总部工作的。
Sound in body, sound in mind. 身体健则精神全。
Soon ripe, soon rotten. 熟得急，烂得快。
6.表示程度， 相当于一个程度副词。如：
He looks nice and(=very) healthy. 他看上去很健康。
But I was rare and hungry. 但我饿坏了。
We always get up bright and early. 我们总是起得很早。
7. 表示伴随状况，相当于一个并列句。如：
Crusoe stared at the footprint, full of fear (=and he was full of fear ).
克鲁索盯着脚印，心里充满了恐惧。
One woman was lying in bed, awake, listening to the rushing winds.
一位妇女躺在床上，没有睡着，静听着那呼啸的风声。
They spent a week in the wind, rain, cold and hungry.
他们又冷又饿，在风雨中度过了一周。
三、值得说明的问题：有些形容词用于名词前，从语法看它们是定语，但从语义上去分析它们却
起着状语的作用，主要用来表示方式、频度等。如：
Our teacher always gives patient explanations.=Our teacher always gives explanations patiently.
我们老师总是耐心地作解答。
He gave her a sympathetic smile.=He gave her a smile sympathetically.
他同情地朝她笑了笑。
The dog made mad efforts to catch up with the automobile.=The dog madly made efforts to catch up with the automobile. 这狗发疯似地追赶汽车。
Some public criticism of the project was voiced.=Some criticism of the project was voiced in public. 此项工程受到公开批评。
She showed an affected interest in his art.=She showed interest in his art affectedly.
她装作对他的艺术感兴趣。
He is conducting laborious research on the subject.=He is conducting research on the subject laboriously. 他在费力地研究该项问题。
I hope to have frequent conversations with you.=I hope to have conversations with you frequently. 我希望经常同你谈话。
以上转换后的句子不如原句自然、精练、生动。因此一般不宜转换原句。我们这样做只是为了说明它们的作用而已。
一、 形容词作状语的语法特征
1.（修饰语+） 单个形容词作状语。如：
He said nothing but sat silent smoking. 他没有讲话，只静静地坐着抽烟。
Would you like to drink it hot？请趁热喝下好吗？
Much interested, he agreed to give it a try. 他很感兴趣,同意试一试。
2.并列的形容词作状语。如：
Young and short, I was afraid they wouldn’t let me go.
由于我年纪小个子矮，我怕他们不让我去。
The soldiers have arrived safe and sound from their mission. 士兵们在执行任务后已安全返回。
For years, wet or fine, he got up at 6 and had a run in the park.
多少年来，不管晴天下雨他总是６点起床在公园里跑一跑。
3.形容词短语作状语。如：
Afraid of difficulties, they prefer to take the easy road. 他们由于怕困难，宁愿走容易的路。
Glad to accept, she nodded her agreement. 由于乐意接受，她点头表示同意。
Aware of these pitfalls, this year I attempted to keep my resolutions to myself.
我深知这些问题，于是，今年我对自己的计划要严加保密。
4.形容词与从属连词连用作状语。如：
We can go to see him, if necessary. 有必要的话，我们可以去看他。
When angry, count ten before you speak; if very angry, count a hundred.
怒气来时，数到十再张嘴；怒气冲天时，数上一百回。
He is happy, though poor. 他虽然很穷，却很快乐。
They may apply force wherever and whenever necessary. 无论何时何地他们都可能动用武力。
5.“形容词+and ” 作状语
英语中经常见到nice, fine, good, beautiful, lovely, bright, rare等与and连用作状语，修饰形容词或副词，意为“非常、相当、很，完全”或“令人愉快地”等。如：
I didn’t like the speech, but at least it was nice and short. 我不喜欢那个发言，但好在很短。
The climate there was lovely and cool. 那里的气候凉爽宜人。
When he gets good and ready he’ll tell me. 他一切准备停当后会告诉我的。
I hit him beautiful and hard. 我狠狠揍了他。
We got a good supper, and grew rare and sleepy. 我们美美地吃过晚饭，开始昏昏欲睡了。
Here is no fine and dandy person in the world. 世上没有十全十美的人。
We’ll set off for the coast bright and early (in the morning), so we can have most of the day there.
我们将一大早就动身去海边，这样一天中大部分时间都可以待在那里。
二、形容词（短语）作状语时的语法和语义功能
1表示原因，相当于一个原因状语从句。如：
Exhausted (=Because he was exhausted), he fell asleep. 他累极了，倒头便睡。
Eager to have a rest, he entered the teahouse. 他很想休息一下，于是他进了一家茶馆。
Curious, we looked around for other guests. 由于好奇，我们向四周看看还有别的什么客人。
2.表示时间，相当于一个时间状语从句。如：
Ripe (=When they are ripe), these grapes are sweet. 这些葡萄熟的时候是很甜的。
Marine mammals are more useful dead than alive. 海洋哺乳动物死了时比活着更有用。
You must eat the vegetables fresh. 你们必须（趁）鲜吃这些蔬菜。
3.表示方式，相当于一个相应的副词。如：
The messenger arrived safe at headquarters. =The messenger arrived at headquarters safely.
信使平安到达司令部。
Her grandmother looked at her, kind and sweet. 她的祖母慈祥而亲切地注视着她。
Flushed and breathless, she bounded in through the gate.
她满脸通红气喘吁吁地从大门口跑了进来。
4.表示让步，相当于一个让步状语从句。如：
Though not necessary (=Though it was not necessary), he came here last night.
尽管没有必要，昨晚他还是来了。
Whether rich or poor, old or young, all have to die.
无论富人穷人，老年人还是年轻人，都免不了一死。
Whether right or wrong, she usually wins the argument.
无论是对是错，在争论中获胜的通常是她。
5.表示条件，相当于一个条件状语从句。如：
A man, if less brave (=if he is less brave), wouldn’t have dared to work in the enemy headquarters.
一个人如果不那么勇敢，是不敢在敌人总部工作的。
Sound in body, sound in mind. 身体健则精神全。
Soon ripe, soon rotten. 熟得急，烂得快。
6.表示程度， 相当于一个程度副词。如：
He looks nice and(=very) healthy. 他看上去很健康。
But I was rare and hungry. 但我饿坏了。
We always get up bright and early. 我们总是起得很早。
7. 表示伴随状况，相当于一个并列句。如：
Crusoe stared at the footprint, full of fear (=and he was full of fear ).
克鲁索盯着脚印，心里充满了恐惧。
One woman was lying in bed, awake, listening to the rushing winds.
一位妇女躺在床上，没有睡着，静听着那呼啸的风声。
They spent a week in the wind, rain, cold and hungry.
他们又冷又饿，在风雨中度过了一周。
三、值得说明的问题：有些形容词用于名词前，从语法看它们是定语，但从语义上去分析它们却
起着状语的作用，主要用来表示方式、频度等。如：
Our teacher always gives patient explanations.=Our teacher always gives explanations patiently.
我们老师总是耐心地作解答。
He gave her a sympathetic smile.=He gave her a smile sympathetically.
他同情地朝她笑了笑。
The dog made mad efforts to catch up with the automobile.=The dog madly made efforts to catch up with the automobile. 这狗发疯似地追赶汽车。
Some public criticism of the project was voiced.=Some criticism of the project was voiced in public. 此项工程受到公开批评。
She showed an affected interest in his art.=She showed interest in his art affectedly.
她装作对他的艺术感兴趣。
He is conducting laborious research on the subject.=He is conducting research on the subject laboriously. 他在费力地研究该项问题。
I hope to have frequent conversations with you.=I hope to have conversations with you frequently. 我希望经常同你谈话。
以上转换后的句子不如原句自然、精练、生动。因此一般不宜转换原句。我们这样做只是为了说明它们的作用而已。