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When Yi Ran was informed that she was pregnant， she was so unprepared that she fell into panic. But she was over 30-year-old， so she thought this was the last chance for her to have a baby. However， when she finally made up her mind to continue the pregnancy， she began to be afraid of the criticism around her and have to pay very expensive social compensation fees， which is decided by the time of birth， the type of her Hukou and other things.
当易冉（音）得知自己怀孕的时候，毫无准备的她即刻便陷入了恐惧之中。考虑到自己已逾三十岁的年纪，易冉觉得这可能是自己的最后一次生育机会。然而当她鼓起勇气决定将孩子留住的时候，她开始害怕自己无力面对周边非议——在传统的中国社会未婚妈妈生活艰难，同时还要缴纳较为高昂的社会抚养费，缴纳标准按照生育小孩的时间及户口性质等情况来计算。没有登记结婚而生育子女属违法行为。
Bearing Moral and Economic Pressures and Stumped by Their Babies' Hukou
承受道德经济压力，孩子户口成难题
“For us， we can only consider the present but can not see the future，” said a unwed mother， which represents many people’s thought. On 5th December， 2012， An An from Guangxi Province read about a report about unwed mothers and came up with the idea of building a QQ group for unwed mother. “I am an unwed mother. My parents are against our marriage. This QQ group is for the unwed mothers to feel free to speak out their feelings so that they can release their pressures.” Before An built the group， she thought she was the most miserable woman in the world because giving birth without marrying was a very big shame. But after the group was built， she found that she was “lucky” enough in some sense. “I have a comparatively good family.” So far， 169 unwed mothers have joined the group and half of them have given birth and half are keeping pregnancy.
“No one wants to be an unwed mother. We are because there is no alternative and， of course， because of love.” An said that the most difficult thing for an unwed mother is to get the birth permission certification and baby’s Hukou. “Some mothers were very lucky to get the permission， just as I did. But in some big cities， this is a very difficult thing. If unwed mothers do not have the permission and are caught， they will be fined. Let alone get a Hukou.”
“对于我们来说，只能看眼前，没法看未来。”一位未婚妈妈的话代表了很多人的看法。2012年12月5日，因为看到一则关于未婚妈妈的报道，家住中国广西省的安安萌生了建QQ群的想法，“我自己也是一个未婚妈妈，我爸妈不同意我们结婚，建群就是想给那些未婚妈妈们减减压，让她们可以把自己的心里话说出来。”建群前，安安以为自己是最悲惨的，未婚生子在大多数人看来是件很丢人的事情。可是建群后，她才发现，她算是“幸运”的，“至少我还有个算是像样的家。”目前，群里一共有169个未婚妈妈，其中有一半已经生下宝宝，还有一半正在孕育宝宝。
“没有人想做未婚妈妈，因为无奈，当然也因为爱。”安安说道，对于未婚妈妈来说，准生证和宝宝的户口是两大难题。“有些妈妈像我一样比较幸运，比较顺利地办理好了准生证。在大一点的城市，准生证往往很难办理。而如果没有准生证，一旦被抓到就会被罚款，户口更是问题。”
When looking up the regulations of the materials that are needed for an illegitimate child getting Hukou in China， our reporter found that not only the birth certification is included but also the residential booklet and ID of both parents. And the materials of the child’s father are difficult for many unwed mother to provide. Besides， as violate some related regulations of family-planning， all unwed mothers are required to pay “social compensation fee”. These charges are different among provinces but all are levied in accordance with the annual per capital disposable income of residents. Nevertheless， the charges are basically cost tens of thousand yuan. Because An doesn’t have marriage certificate， she intends to register her child under other people’s name. “My child’s uncle is in his 70s but still has no children， so we are going to register my child under his name.” Yet she is not sure whether it will work. “The only thing we can do is playing it by ear.” In spit of Hukou， she is also suffering economically. “It will cost at least 30 thousand yuan from pregnancy to giving birth. Many unwed mother lost contact with the child’s father and can not be accepted by their own families， so all burden are fallen on their own. When using up their deposit， they have to borrow and then pay back once they get a job.”
记者在网上查阅在中国办理非婚生子女上户口所需提交的材料时，发现其中不仅包括孩子出生医学证明，还包括父母双方居民户口簿和居民身份证。而这些涉及孩子父亲的证明，是不少未婚妈妈很难提供的。此外，违反了计生相关规定的未婚妈妈们，都需要缴纳“社会抚养费”。按照社会抚养费的征收标准，非婚生育一个孩子，每个省市按照居民年人均可支配收入的不同，会有不同的处罚标准，但是基本上处罚费用都有几万元。
因为没有结婚证，安安打算把孩子过继到别人户口上，“孩子的大伯70多岁，没有孩子，我们准备把儿子的户口上到他那去。”不过，对于这到底能不能行，安安也不知道，“走一步看一步吧。”除了户口，还有经济负担。“从怀孕到生下来，没个三万生不下来，很多孩子的妈妈都和其爸爸失去联系了，又得不到家里人认可，所以只能自己扛。积蓄用光后就只能借，等以后找到工作再还。”
Certainly， the most distress part these young unwed mothers are suffering is mental anguish. In face of family’s disdain and reject， social discrimination and hard life， the only thing they can do is getting together to find comfort and warm. “If you are unhappy you can talk with us and we will listen to you patiently； if you have difficulties， we can give you some advices.” An said that what makes her feel relived is that many unwed mothers will save their babies clothes. “If other unwed mother needs them， I will sent those clothes to them”. An said that this is the life she chose so no matter how hard it will be she will carry on but she still hope our society can understand and give a way to them， not discrimination.
当然，对于这群年轻的未婚妈妈们，更多的还是精神上的痛苦。面对家人唾弃，社会歧视，以及生活的艰辛，她们只有抱团取暖，“你不开心时就说出来，我们安静聆听，你有难题时，我们会帮忙出主意。”安安说，让她感到欣慰的是，很多未婚妈妈都会把宝宝穿过的衣服留下来，“如果有妈妈需要，就寄过去给她们的宝宝穿。”安安说，毕竟是自己选的路，再艰难她们也会走下去，但仍希望得到社会的包容和理解，而不是歧视。
Adolescent Pregnancy Causes Social Problems
青少年怀孕导致社会问题丛生
Compared with older unwed mothers， adolescents may misbehave after give birth to illegitimate children， because they are too young and have no fixed income. Some social problems will happen consequently.
On 25th May， 2013， an infant was found abandoned in a sewer in Jinhua city， Zhejiang Province， which attracted broad attention of the public. After an investigation we found that the infant’s mother was a 22-year-old unwed girl. When she was using the toilet the childbirth accidentally began， so the newborn slipped into the pipe. Because she was afraid of letting others know she was pregnant but not married， she simply pretended that nothing happened. Only after the infant was saved a few days later did the girl come out to explain that the reason she did so was that she was afraid to face those difficulties of single mother. 相较于年龄稍长的未婚妈妈，青少年则因年龄尚幼、无固定的经济收入等问题在非婚生子后容易做出不当的行为，从而衍生出一系列社会问题。
2013年5月25日，中国浙江省金华市的一名下水道弃婴引发了社会的广泛关注，后经调查得知孩子生母为一名22岁的未婚女孩。女孩在上厕所时突然生产，导致孩子“滑”入管道。因为未婚先孕不敢让人知道，女孩索性装作什么事都没有发生。在孩子得救几天以后，女孩才现身解释称之所以有这种举动，是害怕做了单身妈妈后会面临很多难题。
What is worse than keeping silence is that some unwed mothers kill their babies， which we can often hear about now. Entering the key words of “unwed mother kills baby” in baidu， we can find that such cases are happening around the world. “17-year-old middle school girl stabbed newborn baby 135 times shock Americans”， “17-year-old unwed mother dropping infant from 8th floor after cutting up throat and heart in Guangzhou， China”， “19-year-old female worker in Guangzhou strangled newborn with dress ribbon and abandon it in garbage basket”， “16-year-old girl gave birth baby boy in the toilet at home but threw the baby out of the window on 22th floor and the baby died”……Such cases can be found everywhere and it can be concluded that all of them have several common features： the criminals are all unmarried； they are young girls in their 10s or 20s； they are students or migrant workers； they are afraid of people knowing that they are pregnant and the relative huge penalty charged for illegitimate birth； the fathers do not take the responsibility； they consider killing infants is not a crime but dealing with their “private stuff” due to ignorance.
Undoubtedly， “adolescent mothers” who abandoned or killed their babies will be punished by laws and they will be accused of abandonment or intentional homicide， but they are unwed mothers only in their 10s and we can’t help to sympathizing them because they could not find alternatives and felt scared and helpless.
相比于上述母亲的坐视不管，屡屡听闻的未婚妈妈杀婴行为则更令人唏嘘。在百度搜索引擎中输入“未婚妈妈杀婴”几个关键字，记者发现有关此类事件的新闻报道广泛分布于世界各地。“17岁女中学生未婚先孕，连捅新生婴儿135刀震惊全美。”“中国广州17岁未婚妈妈用剪刀剪破新生婴儿喉咙、心脏，后从八楼抛下”“19岁广州女工用连衣裙裙带将婴儿勒死，抛尸垃圾筐。”“台湾初三女生将新生婴儿从二楼摔下。”“香港16岁女生在家中厕所产下男婴，将初生男婴从二十二楼寓所抛出窗外，导致男婴死亡。”……类似的案例比比皆是，而通过归纳，记者发现这些案例存在着几个共同的特点：犯罪人均未婚；年龄基本为十几、二十岁的年轻女孩；身份是学生或是打工者；害怕别人知道自己怀孕，害怕未婚生育需承担对其来说算是巨额的罚款；发现怀孕后，男方大多不负责任；缺乏法律常识，不认为杀害婴儿是犯罪行为，而是处理个人“物品”。
毫无疑问，遗弃或杀害婴儿的“少女妈妈”必将受到法律的惩处，她们将面对遗弃罪或故意杀人罪的指控。但作为一个十几岁的未婚妈妈，让人又无法不对她们走投无路的恐慌无助心生同情。
As such crimes repeatedly happen， the one who should introspect is absolutely not the unwed mother but society and every individual in the society as well. Every tragedy of an individual can reflect the weakness of social management. So how can our society provide them with a channel to express their feelings and get aid before such tragedies happen？ How can our society give another chance to them to begin a new life and offer the innocent children a normal and caring environment after the tragedy happens？……These are all the questions that we should rethink profoundly.
少女妈妈杀婴、弃婴事件的一再发生，该反思的绝对不仅是她们，也包括社会和生活在其中的每一个人。每一个个人悲剧的背后，都折射着社会管理的缺失，在悲剧发生之前，社会该如何给她们一个倾诉和求助的渠道？在悲剧发生之后，又该如何给她们重新开始的机会、给无辜的孩子以正常的生存环境和关爱？这些都是值得深深反思的问题。
当易冉（音）得知自己怀孕的时候，毫无准备的她即刻便陷入了恐惧之中。考虑到自己已逾三十岁的年纪，易冉觉得这可能是自己的最后一次生育机会。然而当她鼓起勇气决定将孩子留住的时候，她开始害怕自己无力面对周边非议——在传统的中国社会未婚妈妈生活艰难，同时还要缴纳较为高昂的社会抚养费，缴纳标准按照生育小孩的时间及户口性质等情况来计算。没有登记结婚而生育子女属违法行为。
Bearing Moral and Economic Pressures and Stumped by Their Babies' Hukou
承受道德经济压力，孩子户口成难题
“For us， we can only consider the present but can not see the future，” said a unwed mother， which represents many people’s thought. On 5th December， 2012， An An from Guangxi Province read about a report about unwed mothers and came up with the idea of building a QQ group for unwed mother. “I am an unwed mother. My parents are against our marriage. This QQ group is for the unwed mothers to feel free to speak out their feelings so that they can release their pressures.” Before An built the group， she thought she was the most miserable woman in the world because giving birth without marrying was a very big shame. But after the group was built， she found that she was “lucky” enough in some sense. “I have a comparatively good family.” So far， 169 unwed mothers have joined the group and half of them have given birth and half are keeping pregnancy.
“No one wants to be an unwed mother. We are because there is no alternative and， of course， because of love.” An said that the most difficult thing for an unwed mother is to get the birth permission certification and baby’s Hukou. “Some mothers were very lucky to get the permission， just as I did. But in some big cities， this is a very difficult thing. If unwed mothers do not have the permission and are caught， they will be fined. Let alone get a Hukou.”
“对于我们来说，只能看眼前，没法看未来。”一位未婚妈妈的话代表了很多人的看法。2012年12月5日，因为看到一则关于未婚妈妈的报道，家住中国广西省的安安萌生了建QQ群的想法，“我自己也是一个未婚妈妈，我爸妈不同意我们结婚，建群就是想给那些未婚妈妈们减减压，让她们可以把自己的心里话说出来。”建群前，安安以为自己是最悲惨的，未婚生子在大多数人看来是件很丢人的事情。可是建群后，她才发现，她算是“幸运”的，“至少我还有个算是像样的家。”目前，群里一共有169个未婚妈妈，其中有一半已经生下宝宝，还有一半正在孕育宝宝。
“没有人想做未婚妈妈，因为无奈，当然也因为爱。”安安说道，对于未婚妈妈来说，准生证和宝宝的户口是两大难题。“有些妈妈像我一样比较幸运，比较顺利地办理好了准生证。在大一点的城市，准生证往往很难办理。而如果没有准生证，一旦被抓到就会被罚款，户口更是问题。”
When looking up the regulations of the materials that are needed for an illegitimate child getting Hukou in China， our reporter found that not only the birth certification is included but also the residential booklet and ID of both parents. And the materials of the child’s father are difficult for many unwed mother to provide. Besides， as violate some related regulations of family-planning， all unwed mothers are required to pay “social compensation fee”. These charges are different among provinces but all are levied in accordance with the annual per capital disposable income of residents. Nevertheless， the charges are basically cost tens of thousand yuan. Because An doesn’t have marriage certificate， she intends to register her child under other people’s name. “My child’s uncle is in his 70s but still has no children， so we are going to register my child under his name.” Yet she is not sure whether it will work. “The only thing we can do is playing it by ear.” In spit of Hukou， she is also suffering economically. “It will cost at least 30 thousand yuan from pregnancy to giving birth. Many unwed mother lost contact with the child’s father and can not be accepted by their own families， so all burden are fallen on their own. When using up their deposit， they have to borrow and then pay back once they get a job.”
记者在网上查阅在中国办理非婚生子女上户口所需提交的材料时，发现其中不仅包括孩子出生医学证明，还包括父母双方居民户口簿和居民身份证。而这些涉及孩子父亲的证明，是不少未婚妈妈很难提供的。此外，违反了计生相关规定的未婚妈妈们，都需要缴纳“社会抚养费”。按照社会抚养费的征收标准，非婚生育一个孩子，每个省市按照居民年人均可支配收入的不同，会有不同的处罚标准，但是基本上处罚费用都有几万元。
因为没有结婚证，安安打算把孩子过继到别人户口上，“孩子的大伯70多岁，没有孩子，我们准备把儿子的户口上到他那去。”不过，对于这到底能不能行，安安也不知道，“走一步看一步吧。”除了户口，还有经济负担。“从怀孕到生下来，没个三万生不下来，很多孩子的妈妈都和其爸爸失去联系了，又得不到家里人认可，所以只能自己扛。积蓄用光后就只能借，等以后找到工作再还。”
Certainly， the most distress part these young unwed mothers are suffering is mental anguish. In face of family’s disdain and reject， social discrimination and hard life， the only thing they can do is getting together to find comfort and warm. “If you are unhappy you can talk with us and we will listen to you patiently； if you have difficulties， we can give you some advices.” An said that what makes her feel relived is that many unwed mothers will save their babies clothes. “If other unwed mother needs them， I will sent those clothes to them”. An said that this is the life she chose so no matter how hard it will be she will carry on but she still hope our society can understand and give a way to them， not discrimination.
当然，对于这群年轻的未婚妈妈们，更多的还是精神上的痛苦。面对家人唾弃，社会歧视，以及生活的艰辛，她们只有抱团取暖，“你不开心时就说出来，我们安静聆听，你有难题时，我们会帮忙出主意。”安安说，让她感到欣慰的是，很多未婚妈妈都会把宝宝穿过的衣服留下来，“如果有妈妈需要，就寄过去给她们的宝宝穿。”安安说，毕竟是自己选的路，再艰难她们也会走下去，但仍希望得到社会的包容和理解，而不是歧视。
Adolescent Pregnancy Causes Social Problems
青少年怀孕导致社会问题丛生
Compared with older unwed mothers， adolescents may misbehave after give birth to illegitimate children， because they are too young and have no fixed income. Some social problems will happen consequently.
On 25th May， 2013， an infant was found abandoned in a sewer in Jinhua city， Zhejiang Province， which attracted broad attention of the public. After an investigation we found that the infant’s mother was a 22-year-old unwed girl. When she was using the toilet the childbirth accidentally began， so the newborn slipped into the pipe. Because she was afraid of letting others know she was pregnant but not married， she simply pretended that nothing happened. Only after the infant was saved a few days later did the girl come out to explain that the reason she did so was that she was afraid to face those difficulties of single mother. 相较于年龄稍长的未婚妈妈，青少年则因年龄尚幼、无固定的经济收入等问题在非婚生子后容易做出不当的行为，从而衍生出一系列社会问题。
2013年5月25日，中国浙江省金华市的一名下水道弃婴引发了社会的广泛关注，后经调查得知孩子生母为一名22岁的未婚女孩。女孩在上厕所时突然生产，导致孩子“滑”入管道。因为未婚先孕不敢让人知道，女孩索性装作什么事都没有发生。在孩子得救几天以后，女孩才现身解释称之所以有这种举动，是害怕做了单身妈妈后会面临很多难题。
What is worse than keeping silence is that some unwed mothers kill their babies， which we can often hear about now. Entering the key words of “unwed mother kills baby” in baidu， we can find that such cases are happening around the world. “17-year-old middle school girl stabbed newborn baby 135 times shock Americans”， “17-year-old unwed mother dropping infant from 8th floor after cutting up throat and heart in Guangzhou， China”， “19-year-old female worker in Guangzhou strangled newborn with dress ribbon and abandon it in garbage basket”， “16-year-old girl gave birth baby boy in the toilet at home but threw the baby out of the window on 22th floor and the baby died”……Such cases can be found everywhere and it can be concluded that all of them have several common features： the criminals are all unmarried； they are young girls in their 10s or 20s； they are students or migrant workers； they are afraid of people knowing that they are pregnant and the relative huge penalty charged for illegitimate birth； the fathers do not take the responsibility； they consider killing infants is not a crime but dealing with their “private stuff” due to ignorance.
Undoubtedly， “adolescent mothers” who abandoned or killed their babies will be punished by laws and they will be accused of abandonment or intentional homicide， but they are unwed mothers only in their 10s and we can’t help to sympathizing them because they could not find alternatives and felt scared and helpless.
相比于上述母亲的坐视不管，屡屡听闻的未婚妈妈杀婴行为则更令人唏嘘。在百度搜索引擎中输入“未婚妈妈杀婴”几个关键字，记者发现有关此类事件的新闻报道广泛分布于世界各地。“17岁女中学生未婚先孕，连捅新生婴儿135刀震惊全美。”“中国广州17岁未婚妈妈用剪刀剪破新生婴儿喉咙、心脏，后从八楼抛下”“19岁广州女工用连衣裙裙带将婴儿勒死，抛尸垃圾筐。”“台湾初三女生将新生婴儿从二楼摔下。”“香港16岁女生在家中厕所产下男婴，将初生男婴从二十二楼寓所抛出窗外，导致男婴死亡。”……类似的案例比比皆是，而通过归纳，记者发现这些案例存在着几个共同的特点：犯罪人均未婚；年龄基本为十几、二十岁的年轻女孩；身份是学生或是打工者；害怕别人知道自己怀孕，害怕未婚生育需承担对其来说算是巨额的罚款；发现怀孕后，男方大多不负责任；缺乏法律常识，不认为杀害婴儿是犯罪行为，而是处理个人“物品”。
毫无疑问，遗弃或杀害婴儿的“少女妈妈”必将受到法律的惩处，她们将面对遗弃罪或故意杀人罪的指控。但作为一个十几岁的未婚妈妈，让人又无法不对她们走投无路的恐慌无助心生同情。
As such crimes repeatedly happen， the one who should introspect is absolutely not the unwed mother but society and every individual in the society as well. Every tragedy of an individual can reflect the weakness of social management. So how can our society provide them with a channel to express their feelings and get aid before such tragedies happen？ How can our society give another chance to them to begin a new life and offer the innocent children a normal and caring environment after the tragedy happens？……These are all the questions that we should rethink profoundly.
少女妈妈杀婴、弃婴事件的一再发生，该反思的绝对不仅是她们，也包括社会和生活在其中的每一个人。每一个个人悲剧的背后，都折射着社会管理的缺失，在悲剧发生之前，社会该如何给她们一个倾诉和求助的渠道？在悲剧发生之后，又该如何给她们重新开始的机会、给无辜的孩子以正常的生存环境和关爱？这些都是值得深深反思的问题。