论文部分内容阅读
阅读是一个综合运用语言知识的过程,学生在做此类题时,往往会出现这类情况:要么在规定时间内做不完,要么囫囵看完了,题目又做不对;要么碰到生字词较多的篇幅,没有兴趣看下去。那么怎样才能指导他们克服这些毛病,增强阅读能力呢?阅读能力是书面交际中通过文字积极获取信息的能力,主要包括理解程度和阅读速度两个方面。
首先,阅读时间和做题时间要合理安全,这是非常重要的,要有丰富的词汇量。“万丈高楼平地起”,词汇要靠平时积累。利用有限的时间掌握、记牢教学范围内的词汇外,还要指导学生多记些自己感兴趣的、感觉重要的单词词组。每天要有一定的时间朗读课文,这样有利于语感的形成。
其次,要培养学生快速阅读的能力,指导学生尽量不逐字逐句看,不默声朗读,即使看本国的一些文章、杂志或小说,也要尽可能一目数行,养成一种“快读”的习惯。有的学生虽没有读出声来,但内心还是在自言自语,一词一句地读,严重影响阅读速度。正确的默读,其速度可以比出声的阅读快三倍左右。为提高效率,要培养学生从整个句子去理解,迅速地从前一个句子扫视到第二个句子,以避免频频回视、重复阅读等不良现象。阅读时要做到尽量少查词典,遇到生词可以利用上下文猜测,判断词义。
再者,要指导学生选择适合自己的阅读方法。比如:看完文章再做题,或先看题再带着问题去看文章,最后再做题,但最好不要边看文章边做题,这样会影响阅读效率,而且还很容易引起突发、无谓的紧张,干扰阅读。在具体做题时,要提醒学生以下几点:
第一,去繁取精,认清主干
阅读的关键是了解文章的总体意思,一篇文章通常是围绕一个中心思想展开,指导学生只要知道文章大概讲了些什么就行了,没必要一字一句研究。对一些比较长的句子,要求学生把眼光盯在句子的主要成份,主谓宾特别是动词上。找出文章起“画龙点睛”作用的关键句子,这会有利于对全文的理解。抓住了全文的主题就等于掌握了文章的一半,这其实就是阅读所需的理解程度。因此在确定文章的中心思想时,要求学生重视阅读每个段落的首句和末句。宾语从句(关键的句子)和时间状语从句。
The secretary told me that Mr Harmsworth would see me. I felt very nervous when I went into his office. He did not look up from his desk when I entered. After I had sat down. he said that things were very bad. He told me that the factory could not pay such large salaries. Twenty people had already left. I knew that my turn had come. “Mr Harmsworth,” I said. “ Listen to me ,” he said. Then he smiled and told me that he would give me 100 more pounds a year.
第二,牢牢抓住熟词,或猜或撇开生词
一篇文章中总会有生词。一旦遇到,首选不要着急,根据上下文去猜意思。猜得快而又猜得出当然好,假如久思不得其解,就没有必要耽搁时间,跳过去,很可能往下看时,随着对文章理解的加深,会对这个词或生字恍然大悟,明白它的意思。只有根据上下文,正确掌握适合具体语境的词义,才称得上真正意义的阅读。
Someone once wrote, “All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.” Work is important, but everyone needs leisure time too. Leisure time means free time to do whatever you want . It is a time for any thing that interests you. Some people like to play sports. Others like to go to interesting places, such as museums or parks. Many people have hobbies. They make things or collect things. Right now, someone is eujoying a hobby some where . People collect stamps, coins, rocks, or books. Everyone likes to make something. You could make a boat or table, a sweater or a fishing net, a bird cage or an apple pie.
第三,常识性或熟悉的东西可忽略不计
我们从生活中已积累了大量的知识。许多知识已相当熟悉,如若文章叙述的内容已比较熟悉或很了解,就可一眼扫过,然后直接做题,同样文章中存在的熟悉的部分,也可以忽略不计,这样就可以把时间节省下来,提高速度。
Swimming is a good sport and it’s very popular. In summer people like swimming because water makes people feel cool. If they swim in a wrong place, it may not be safe. These years some people dies when they were enjoying themselves in water and most of them were students. These people were not careful in swimming. They often thought they swam so well that nothing would happen to them in water.
Summer holiday will be here again. If you go swimming, don’t forget that better swimmers often died in water. They died because they were not careful, not because they could not swim. So don’t get into the water when you are alone. Don’t get into the water if there is a “No swimming ” sign. If you remember these, swimming will be safe and it’s good for your health.
第四,利用语法过渡词、语气转折词及时态等把握文章的脉络
为了准确理解文章的内涵,对文章的结构也需要有所了解,把握句子与句子之间、段落和段落之间的逻辑联系,即文章脉络。通常用have done, already等表示完成;for, because, since, as等表示原因。so, thus等表示结果;while, however表示转折;but, instead of , rather等表示相反;that is to say, for example, for instance, what’s more 等用来作进一步的说明,等等。
第五,联系上下文,结合常识进行推断
在实际阅读活动中,为了获取文章所传达的信息,有时需要根据文章提供的事实和线索,进行逻辑推理;还要能够透过文章的字面意义把握作者的真实思想,推断出没有直接明说的抽象信息、隐含意义或深层结论。
最后,要充满自信心,集中精力。如果一心想着“做不完,看不懂”,即使能做,也会做得不尽人意。培养学生良好的心理素质和专心致志的能力是做好阅读理解的重要环节之一。
阅读理解是综合性的题目,要提高并不是一个简单的过程,但也不是不能逾越的鸿沟,学生在老师的正确指导下,经过长期有计划、有目的的系统训练,使学生加快阅读速度,提高阅读的正确性,两者有机地统一起来,可以提高学生阅读英语的能力和运用英语进行交际的能力。
(辽宁省锦州二中)
首先,阅读时间和做题时间要合理安全,这是非常重要的,要有丰富的词汇量。“万丈高楼平地起”,词汇要靠平时积累。利用有限的时间掌握、记牢教学范围内的词汇外,还要指导学生多记些自己感兴趣的、感觉重要的单词词组。每天要有一定的时间朗读课文,这样有利于语感的形成。
其次,要培养学生快速阅读的能力,指导学生尽量不逐字逐句看,不默声朗读,即使看本国的一些文章、杂志或小说,也要尽可能一目数行,养成一种“快读”的习惯。有的学生虽没有读出声来,但内心还是在自言自语,一词一句地读,严重影响阅读速度。正确的默读,其速度可以比出声的阅读快三倍左右。为提高效率,要培养学生从整个句子去理解,迅速地从前一个句子扫视到第二个句子,以避免频频回视、重复阅读等不良现象。阅读时要做到尽量少查词典,遇到生词可以利用上下文猜测,判断词义。
再者,要指导学生选择适合自己的阅读方法。比如:看完文章再做题,或先看题再带着问题去看文章,最后再做题,但最好不要边看文章边做题,这样会影响阅读效率,而且还很容易引起突发、无谓的紧张,干扰阅读。在具体做题时,要提醒学生以下几点:
第一,去繁取精,认清主干
阅读的关键是了解文章的总体意思,一篇文章通常是围绕一个中心思想展开,指导学生只要知道文章大概讲了些什么就行了,没必要一字一句研究。对一些比较长的句子,要求学生把眼光盯在句子的主要成份,主谓宾特别是动词上。找出文章起“画龙点睛”作用的关键句子,这会有利于对全文的理解。抓住了全文的主题就等于掌握了文章的一半,这其实就是阅读所需的理解程度。因此在确定文章的中心思想时,要求学生重视阅读每个段落的首句和末句。宾语从句(关键的句子)和时间状语从句。
The secretary told me that Mr Harmsworth would see me. I felt very nervous when I went into his office. He did not look up from his desk when I entered. After I had sat down. he said that things were very bad. He told me that the factory could not pay such large salaries. Twenty people had already left. I knew that my turn had come. “Mr Harmsworth,” I said. “ Listen to me ,” he said. Then he smiled and told me that he would give me 100 more pounds a year.
第二,牢牢抓住熟词,或猜或撇开生词
一篇文章中总会有生词。一旦遇到,首选不要着急,根据上下文去猜意思。猜得快而又猜得出当然好,假如久思不得其解,就没有必要耽搁时间,跳过去,很可能往下看时,随着对文章理解的加深,会对这个词或生字恍然大悟,明白它的意思。只有根据上下文,正确掌握适合具体语境的词义,才称得上真正意义的阅读。
Someone once wrote, “All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.” Work is important, but everyone needs leisure time too. Leisure time means free time to do whatever you want . It is a time for any thing that interests you. Some people like to play sports. Others like to go to interesting places, such as museums or parks. Many people have hobbies. They make things or collect things. Right now, someone is eujoying a hobby some where . People collect stamps, coins, rocks, or books. Everyone likes to make something. You could make a boat or table, a sweater or a fishing net, a bird cage or an apple pie.
第三,常识性或熟悉的东西可忽略不计
我们从生活中已积累了大量的知识。许多知识已相当熟悉,如若文章叙述的内容已比较熟悉或很了解,就可一眼扫过,然后直接做题,同样文章中存在的熟悉的部分,也可以忽略不计,这样就可以把时间节省下来,提高速度。
Swimming is a good sport and it’s very popular. In summer people like swimming because water makes people feel cool. If they swim in a wrong place, it may not be safe. These years some people dies when they were enjoying themselves in water and most of them were students. These people were not careful in swimming. They often thought they swam so well that nothing would happen to them in water.
Summer holiday will be here again. If you go swimming, don’t forget that better swimmers often died in water. They died because they were not careful, not because they could not swim. So don’t get into the water when you are alone. Don’t get into the water if there is a “No swimming ” sign. If you remember these, swimming will be safe and it’s good for your health.
第四,利用语法过渡词、语气转折词及时态等把握文章的脉络
为了准确理解文章的内涵,对文章的结构也需要有所了解,把握句子与句子之间、段落和段落之间的逻辑联系,即文章脉络。通常用have done, already等表示完成;for, because, since, as等表示原因。so, thus等表示结果;while, however表示转折;but, instead of , rather等表示相反;that is to say, for example, for instance, what’s more 等用来作进一步的说明,等等。
第五,联系上下文,结合常识进行推断
在实际阅读活动中,为了获取文章所传达的信息,有时需要根据文章提供的事实和线索,进行逻辑推理;还要能够透过文章的字面意义把握作者的真实思想,推断出没有直接明说的抽象信息、隐含意义或深层结论。
最后,要充满自信心,集中精力。如果一心想着“做不完,看不懂”,即使能做,也会做得不尽人意。培养学生良好的心理素质和专心致志的能力是做好阅读理解的重要环节之一。
阅读理解是综合性的题目,要提高并不是一个简单的过程,但也不是不能逾越的鸿沟,学生在老师的正确指导下,经过长期有计划、有目的的系统训练,使学生加快阅读速度,提高阅读的正确性,两者有机地统一起来,可以提高学生阅读英语的能力和运用英语进行交际的能力。
(辽宁省锦州二中)