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以吡啶烷/哌啶、长链溴代烷和反式-1,4-二溴-2-丁烯为原料,合成了8种含烯基联接链、杂环头基的季铵盐Gemini表面活性剂py-en-n和pi-en-n(py代表头基为吡咯烷基,pi代表头基为哌啶基,en代表联接链为2-丁烯基,n代表尾链碳数(其中n=10,12,14,16)),并分析了它们的表面活性和聚集体形态.结果显示,两个系列Gemini表面活性剂的临界胶束浓度(cmc)值比单链表面活性剂低1~2个数量级,且均随尾链、头基碳数的增加而降低;经与文献对比,其cmc值由低到高依次为:py-an-n,py-en-n,py-yn-n(an代表联接链为丁基,yn代表联接链为2-丁炔基);此外,尾链长度为16的py-en-16和pi-en-16在水溶液中有预胶束形成;合成的8种Gemini表面活性剂在浓度为10cmc时均有囊泡形成.
Eight kinds of quaternary ammonium salt Gemini surfaces containing alkenyl linking and heterocyclic head groups were synthesized by using pyrrolidine / piperidine, long chain alkyl bromide and trans-1,4-dibromo-2-butene as raw materials The active agents py-en-n and pi-en-n (py represents the head group is pyrrolidinyl, pi represents the head group is piperidinyl, en represents the linking chain is 2-butenyl, and n represents the chain carbon number N = 10, 12, 14, and 16), and analyzed their surface activity and aggregate morphology.The results showed that the critical micelle concentration (cmc) values of two series of Gemini surfactants were higher than those of single-chain surfactants 1 to 2 orders of magnitude lower than that of the other groups, and all decreased with the increase of the carbon number of the tail chain and head group. The cmc values of py-an-n, py-en-n, py -yn-n (an represents the linking chain is butyl, yn represents the linking chain is 2-butynyl); In addition, py-en-16 and pi-en- The formation of eight Gemini surfactants all formed vesicles at the concentration of 10cmc.