论文部分内容阅读
【摘要】对于大多数学生来说，英语是一门非常令人头疼的学科。不仅仅是因为有大量需要记忆的单词和短语，还有繁多复杂的语法让人望而却步。人们总认为英语就必须多背背即可，可结果总不尽人意。如果我们能从另一个角度来看待它，英语其实也像数理化那样是有章可循，有法可依，可以通过技巧训练来提高的。本文将从中考完型题目入手，一题多思，一题多变，一题多解，争取在尽量减轻学生负担的情况下打开学生思路，能对所学知识举一反三。
【关键词】理科思维 一题多思 举一反三
在传统的学习中，人们总是把文理泾渭分明的区分成两个学科派别。英语属文，所以总会被冠以“背背单词即可”的口号。人们认为理科思维与英语无关。可是事实证明，仅仅是“背背单词”是绝对无法满足英语学习需要的。语言也是有规律可循的，如果我们可以借用理科思维的理念，使英语学习变得更加可捉摸，那么对于学生来说，英语学习就可以变得轻松许多。
一、“一题多思”理科思维特点在英语学习中的表现
要想提高自己的做题能力和学习效率，就要学会练习一题多解，一题多思，即用多种方法解答同一道试题。这是理科练习中常用的训练方法。这种方法不仅能更牢固地掌握和运用所学知识，而且通过一题多思，分析比较，能够寻找解题的最佳途径和方法，培养自己的创造性思维能力。适当增加一些一题多思的练习题，对巩固知识，增强解题能力，提高学习成绩大有益处。本文根据理科思维的特点，将从英语中考阅读题目入手，一题多思，一题多变，一题多解，争取在尽量减轻学生负担的情况下打开学生思路，能对所学的知识举一反三。
在中考中，完形填空、阅读理解和选词填空是对学生英语素养和实用能力的考察。只知道死记硬背的学生，一天到晚钻在题海中出不来的孩子，其实到最终无法达到成正比的效果。到最后，学了那么多年英语，不知道思考，不知道举一反三的学生大有人在。上述的问题，都是由于学生未能认清英语这门语言的构成特点，从而使学生在一次次考试中败下阵来。这个问题不能仅仅依靠背单词来解决。本文以完型填空为抓手，举例呈现“一题多思”的设计思路。
设计举例：
根据杭州市近五年中考题内容来看，完形填空的难度都相对比较大。而在初三的复习中，完形填空往往被很多考生所忽视，特别是在临考之前的时候。但事实上，中考完形如果复习的好，其收获绝对不只是那20道题目10分。本文以中考模拟卷上的完型填空为核心题目，根据中考特点，进行一题多变，一题多思示例。
对于完形的复习，分为以下几个方面：
1.词汇的复习。词汇的复习其实可分为三个层次：理解、辨析和运用。中考完形的词汇，从统计的概率上看，以实词词汇为主，研究历年完型填空中的选项词汇是很有必要的。所以词汇的复习在完形和阅读部分应当是有所区别的。在复习完形的词汇的时候，我们可以尝试将完型的选项转化为词汇方面的题目，对完型进行再改编，将完型改为和词汇相关的题目：单词拼写以及词语填空。以下这篇完型填空是本文需要举例的核心题目。
（1）一题多思：选项转化为单词拼写：
“I’m really thankful to our government， for it provides us with such a good training program.The training greatly helps us live well.I Will certainly study hard and learn the skills.Then I can s____ my family difficulties and do good to other people.” a learner on the Job training program said， feeling e_____.
The learner’s grandfather is nearly 80 years old， and his mother is ill in bed.So his father ， who is a farmer， is the main s____ of the Family.The family is poor.The learner graduated from high school And did not p____ the college entrance exam.The job training program helps him learn the skills that he’ll n_____ in the work place.
The story reminds me of another s_____.It goes like this： OnceUpon a time， there was a man who liked fishing very much， and was a____ to catch lots of fish every day.The man was a kind-hearted person， so he always s_____ his fish with his neighbours who did not know how to fish.One day， he thought that it would be g_____if he taught them how to fish.So he c_____ his neighbours together and showed them how to fish.Everybody was very happy that they could _____ the fish they themselves caught.
At present， there are still a lot of poor people throughout the world.But it’s not good if we give only f_____ to them.I_____， we should give them a chance to learn new skills.Therefore， a technical training is very important to people in need， and they will learn the ability to m_____ money.People can learn a lot of useful things in the training program and what they learn can help them on the way to find jobs. 除了选项转化为词汇练习外，我们不难发现，完型中的其他词汇也是非常值得学生巩固复习的，于是为了充分利用这篇完型填空，笔者又根据中考考点，将文中重要的词汇编排出来，加大难度，转化为中考题型选词填空。
（2）一题多思：转换为选词填空
Excite， remind， teach， t hank， provide， they， who， luck， able， support
“I’m really ____ to our government， for it p____ us with such a good training program.The training greatly helps us live well.I will certainly study hard and learn the skills.Then I can solve my family difficulties and do good to other people.” a learner on the job training program said， feeling _____.
The learner’s grandfather is ____ 80 years old， and his mother is ill in bed.So his father ， who is a farmer， is the main ____of the Family.The family is poor.The learner graduated from high school And did not pass the college entrance exam.The job training program helps him learn the skills that he’ll need in the work place.
The story ____ me of another story.It goes like this： Once upon a time， there was a man ____ liked fishing very much， and was able to catch lots of fish every day.The man was a kind-hearted person， so he always shared his fish with his neighbours who did not know how to fish.One day， he thought that it would be great if he taught them how to fish.So he called his neighbours together and showed them how to fish.Everybody was very happy that they could eat the fish they ____ caught.At present， there are still a lot of poor people throughout the world，but it’s not good if we give only food to them._____， we should give them a chance to learn new skills.Therefore， a technical training is very important to people in need， and they will learn the ____to make money.People can learn a lot of useful things in the training program and what they learn can help them on the way to find jobs.
2.阅读上的复习。完形的解题是以阅读为基础的。如果一篇文章读不懂那肯定是解不出来的。所以在真正做阅读训练 （请注意，不是解题训练而是阅读训练的时候）请各位同学务必只针对文章去读，而不是针对题目去读文章。所以再隔一段时间后，教师可以尝试将已经做过的完型填空变成阅读理解题目，或者可以事先将完型填空以阅读理解的方式给学生。
一题多思：转换为阅读理解题目。
仍以刚才那篇文章为例，改编如下。
1 Why does the writer say “ he is thankful to the government”？
A because the government offers enough food to him.
B because the government offers him a good training program.
C because the government teaches him how to fish.
2 The man in the story thought it would be great to ______
A share fish with everyone.
B teach neighbours how to fish.
C eat the fish together.
3 Which sentence is not true according to the passage？
A The training program can help him learn the skills that he’ll need in the workplace. B Everyone was happy only because they could eat the fish they themselves caught.
C It’s more important for people to learn the ability to manke money than to get money.
4 Which proverbs can be seen in the story？
A It’s better to teach fishing than to offer fish.
B A friend in need is a friend indeed.
C Seeing is believing.
二、英语教学中一题多思训练，应当注意以下几点
1.目的要明确。上这种课，不是单纯地追求形式上的一题多思，而是要通过这种练习活动，达到锻炼学生的思维，拓宽学生的思路，增长学生的知识，培养和提高学生创造性学习能力这个根本目的。所以，教学内容的安排，教学活动的组织，教学方法的选择等等，都要有利于实现这个根本目的。这是上这种课的总要求。
2.要注意把握上这种课的时间。上这种课，一般是在学生对初次做完型填空和阅读理解的时候，已经基本参透文章后，隔一段时间后，再进行文章的再次改编，如此，才能使学生掌握得越深刻，越透彻。
3.选题要得当，方法要灵活。并不是所有的完型和阅读都能进行再改编的。选题得当是学生一题多思的前提条件。它既要能够一题多变，又要顾及到班上差生、好生的具体情况，当然这同时给老师提出了巨大的挑战。
理科思维中的一题多思，一题多变，一题多思训练，不仅可以启发和引导学生从不同的角度、不同的思路锻炼学生思维的灵活性，促进学生长知识、长智慧；也是为了开阔学生的思路，引导学生灵活地掌握知识的纵横联系，培养和发挥学生的创造性。特别重要的是，能帮助学生充分发现已经做过的题目的深度，减轻学习负担的同时，积极消化那些曾经一知半解的题目 从而帮助学生牢固地掌握所学的知识，寻找到解题的最佳途径和方法，培养发散思维的能力。用这样的思维模式来指导自己的英语学习，学生会感到更轻松，更运筹帷幄。
参考文献：
[1]教育部.英语课程标准[M].北京师范大学出版社，2001.
[2]吴菲，仲玉英.英语教学中跨文化意识内涵分析[J].中小学英语教学与研究，2005.
[3]何仁毅.中学英语口语纠错策略[J].中小学英语教学与研究.2007.
[4]耿萌.英语学习中理科思维的探讨[J].都市家教.2013（1）.
【关键词】理科思维 一题多思 举一反三
在传统的学习中，人们总是把文理泾渭分明的区分成两个学科派别。英语属文，所以总会被冠以“背背单词即可”的口号。人们认为理科思维与英语无关。可是事实证明，仅仅是“背背单词”是绝对无法满足英语学习需要的。语言也是有规律可循的，如果我们可以借用理科思维的理念，使英语学习变得更加可捉摸，那么对于学生来说，英语学习就可以变得轻松许多。
一、“一题多思”理科思维特点在英语学习中的表现
要想提高自己的做题能力和学习效率，就要学会练习一题多解，一题多思，即用多种方法解答同一道试题。这是理科练习中常用的训练方法。这种方法不仅能更牢固地掌握和运用所学知识，而且通过一题多思，分析比较，能够寻找解题的最佳途径和方法，培养自己的创造性思维能力。适当增加一些一题多思的练习题，对巩固知识，增强解题能力，提高学习成绩大有益处。本文根据理科思维的特点，将从英语中考阅读题目入手，一题多思，一题多变，一题多解，争取在尽量减轻学生负担的情况下打开学生思路，能对所学的知识举一反三。
在中考中，完形填空、阅读理解和选词填空是对学生英语素养和实用能力的考察。只知道死记硬背的学生，一天到晚钻在题海中出不来的孩子，其实到最终无法达到成正比的效果。到最后，学了那么多年英语，不知道思考，不知道举一反三的学生大有人在。上述的问题，都是由于学生未能认清英语这门语言的构成特点，从而使学生在一次次考试中败下阵来。这个问题不能仅仅依靠背单词来解决。本文以完型填空为抓手，举例呈现“一题多思”的设计思路。
设计举例：
根据杭州市近五年中考题内容来看，完形填空的难度都相对比较大。而在初三的复习中，完形填空往往被很多考生所忽视，特别是在临考之前的时候。但事实上，中考完形如果复习的好，其收获绝对不只是那20道题目10分。本文以中考模拟卷上的完型填空为核心题目，根据中考特点，进行一题多变，一题多思示例。
对于完形的复习，分为以下几个方面：
1.词汇的复习。词汇的复习其实可分为三个层次：理解、辨析和运用。中考完形的词汇，从统计的概率上看，以实词词汇为主，研究历年完型填空中的选项词汇是很有必要的。所以词汇的复习在完形和阅读部分应当是有所区别的。在复习完形的词汇的时候，我们可以尝试将完型的选项转化为词汇方面的题目，对完型进行再改编，将完型改为和词汇相关的题目：单词拼写以及词语填空。以下这篇完型填空是本文需要举例的核心题目。
（1）一题多思：选项转化为单词拼写：
“I’m really thankful to our government， for it provides us with such a good training program.The training greatly helps us live well.I Will certainly study hard and learn the skills.Then I can s____ my family difficulties and do good to other people.” a learner on the Job training program said， feeling e_____.
The learner’s grandfather is nearly 80 years old， and his mother is ill in bed.So his father ， who is a farmer， is the main s____ of the Family.The family is poor.The learner graduated from high school And did not p____ the college entrance exam.The job training program helps him learn the skills that he’ll n_____ in the work place.
The story reminds me of another s_____.It goes like this： OnceUpon a time， there was a man who liked fishing very much， and was a____ to catch lots of fish every day.The man was a kind-hearted person， so he always s_____ his fish with his neighbours who did not know how to fish.One day， he thought that it would be g_____if he taught them how to fish.So he c_____ his neighbours together and showed them how to fish.Everybody was very happy that they could _____ the fish they themselves caught.
At present， there are still a lot of poor people throughout the world.But it’s not good if we give only f_____ to them.I_____， we should give them a chance to learn new skills.Therefore， a technical training is very important to people in need， and they will learn the ability to m_____ money.People can learn a lot of useful things in the training program and what they learn can help them on the way to find jobs. 除了选项转化为词汇练习外，我们不难发现，完型中的其他词汇也是非常值得学生巩固复习的，于是为了充分利用这篇完型填空，笔者又根据中考考点，将文中重要的词汇编排出来，加大难度，转化为中考题型选词填空。
（2）一题多思：转换为选词填空
Excite， remind， teach， t hank， provide， they， who， luck， able， support
“I’m really ____ to our government， for it p____ us with such a good training program.The training greatly helps us live well.I will certainly study hard and learn the skills.Then I can solve my family difficulties and do good to other people.” a learner on the job training program said， feeling _____.
The learner’s grandfather is ____ 80 years old， and his mother is ill in bed.So his father ， who is a farmer， is the main ____of the Family.The family is poor.The learner graduated from high school And did not pass the college entrance exam.The job training program helps him learn the skills that he’ll need in the work place.
The story ____ me of another story.It goes like this： Once upon a time， there was a man ____ liked fishing very much， and was able to catch lots of fish every day.The man was a kind-hearted person， so he always shared his fish with his neighbours who did not know how to fish.One day， he thought that it would be great if he taught them how to fish.So he called his neighbours together and showed them how to fish.Everybody was very happy that they could eat the fish they ____ caught.At present， there are still a lot of poor people throughout the world，but it’s not good if we give only food to them._____， we should give them a chance to learn new skills.Therefore， a technical training is very important to people in need， and they will learn the ____to make money.People can learn a lot of useful things in the training program and what they learn can help them on the way to find jobs.
2.阅读上的复习。完形的解题是以阅读为基础的。如果一篇文章读不懂那肯定是解不出来的。所以在真正做阅读训练 （请注意，不是解题训练而是阅读训练的时候）请各位同学务必只针对文章去读，而不是针对题目去读文章。所以再隔一段时间后，教师可以尝试将已经做过的完型填空变成阅读理解题目，或者可以事先将完型填空以阅读理解的方式给学生。
一题多思：转换为阅读理解题目。
仍以刚才那篇文章为例，改编如下。
1 Why does the writer say “ he is thankful to the government”？
A because the government offers enough food to him.
B because the government offers him a good training program.
C because the government teaches him how to fish.
2 The man in the story thought it would be great to ______
A share fish with everyone.
B teach neighbours how to fish.
C eat the fish together.
3 Which sentence is not true according to the passage？
A The training program can help him learn the skills that he’ll need in the workplace. B Everyone was happy only because they could eat the fish they themselves caught.
C It’s more important for people to learn the ability to manke money than to get money.
4 Which proverbs can be seen in the story？
A It’s better to teach fishing than to offer fish.
B A friend in need is a friend indeed.
C Seeing is believing.
二、英语教学中一题多思训练，应当注意以下几点
1.目的要明确。上这种课，不是单纯地追求形式上的一题多思，而是要通过这种练习活动，达到锻炼学生的思维，拓宽学生的思路，增长学生的知识，培养和提高学生创造性学习能力这个根本目的。所以，教学内容的安排，教学活动的组织，教学方法的选择等等，都要有利于实现这个根本目的。这是上这种课的总要求。
2.要注意把握上这种课的时间。上这种课，一般是在学生对初次做完型填空和阅读理解的时候，已经基本参透文章后，隔一段时间后，再进行文章的再次改编，如此，才能使学生掌握得越深刻，越透彻。
3.选题要得当，方法要灵活。并不是所有的完型和阅读都能进行再改编的。选题得当是学生一题多思的前提条件。它既要能够一题多变，又要顾及到班上差生、好生的具体情况，当然这同时给老师提出了巨大的挑战。
理科思维中的一题多思，一题多变，一题多思训练，不仅可以启发和引导学生从不同的角度、不同的思路锻炼学生思维的灵活性，促进学生长知识、长智慧；也是为了开阔学生的思路，引导学生灵活地掌握知识的纵横联系，培养和发挥学生的创造性。特别重要的是，能帮助学生充分发现已经做过的题目的深度，减轻学习负担的同时，积极消化那些曾经一知半解的题目 从而帮助学生牢固地掌握所学的知识，寻找到解题的最佳途径和方法，培养发散思维的能力。用这样的思维模式来指导自己的英语学习，学生会感到更轻松，更运筹帷幄。
参考文献：
[1]教育部.英语课程标准[M].北京师范大学出版社，2001.
[2]吴菲，仲玉英.英语教学中跨文化意识内涵分析[J].中小学英语教学与研究，2005.
[3]何仁毅.中学英语口语纠错策略[J].中小学英语教学与研究.2007.
[4]耿萌.英语学习中理科思维的探讨[J].都市家教.2013（1）.