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Since the beginning of 21st century,school consolidation has been one of key policies for rural compulsory education.Due to rural school consolidation,many students must transfer to another school.This research identifies whether school consolidation affects on transfer student achievement by two-level value-added model.Using the data from Guangxi,we find that the effect of the transfer caused by school consolidation on student achievements is negative because the transfer student must spend more time on the road to go to school and face heavier financial burden and more psychological issues.However,we also find the improvement of school facility and school satisfaction with the consolidation has positive effect.When the government promotes the school consolidation,it is necessary to provide transfer students with enough needed resources,especially free transportation,psychological counseling and dorms.