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目的掌握河北省2014年-2015年流感的流行特征,为今后的流感防治工作提供科学依据。方法对河北省2014年4月-2015年3月流感样病例(influenza-like illness,ILI)报告数据、病原学监测数据及流感暴发疫情报告情况进行分析。结果河北省流感监测哨点医院流感样病例就诊百分比为1.60%,在冬季出现流行高峰,以15岁以下儿童为主,占ILI总数的70.17%。接收咽拭子标本14 381份,经实时荧光定量PCR检测阳性2 294份,阳性率为15.95%。流感流行型别在2014年10月-2015年1月以季节性H3亚型为主,2015年2月以后B型流感取代季节性H3亚型,成为流行的优势亚型。流感ILI暴发疫情报告11起,其中8起发生在中小学校及托幼机构,占总疫情数的72.72%。结论河北省2014年-2015年流感高峰期出现在冬季,以季节性H3N2型和B型流感交替流行为主,应加强学校暴发疫情监测。
Objective To grasp the epidemiological characteristics of influenza in Hebei province from 2014 to 2015, and provide a scientific basis for future prevention and control of influenza. Methods The data of influenza-like illness (ILI) reported in Hebei Province from April 2014 to March 2015, etiological monitoring data and the report of influenza outbreak were analyzed. Results The percentage of flu-like cases was 1.60% in the influenza surveillance sentinel hospitals in Hebei Province. The epidemic peak occurred in winter, accounting for 70.17% of the total number of children under 15 years of age. A total of 14 381 samples of throat swabs were obtained, of which 2 294 were positive by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR. The positive rate was 15.95%. The prevalence of influenza was mainly seasonal H3 subtype from October 2014 to January 2015, and influenza B subtype replaced seasonal H3 subtype after February 2015, becoming the predominant subtype of epidemic. Eleven influenza ILI outbreaks were reported, of which 8 occurred in primary and secondary schools and nurseries, accounting for 72.72% of the total number of outbreaks. Conclusions The peak period of influenza in Hebei Province during the period of 2014-2015 appears in the winter, and the seasonal epidemics of H3N2 and B are the main epidemics. Therefore, monitoring of outbreaks in schools should be strengthened.