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考点一 考查名词性从句中的语序、语气和时态
名词性从句在句中除了关联词在从句之首外，其他部分应保持陈述句语序，不能受when, where, why, how等的影响而使用疑问句语序。
【高考考例】
When changing lanes, a driver should use his turning signal to let other drivers know______.
A. he is entering which lane
B. which lane he is entering
C. is he entering which lane
D. which lane is he entering
解析 选B。which引导的句子作know的宾语，从句中应用陈述语序。
此外，名词性从句要根据主句的时态来选择从句的时态，尤其是当主句为过去时的时候，要注意时态的呼应。另外，要注意在一些名词性从句中要用虚拟语气。如：在主语从句It is important/necessary/essential/desirable that (should) do以及这些形容词后面的宾语从句中要用虚拟语气；在“It+be+suggested等（表示命令、要求、建议等动词的过去分词）+从句”中，一般要用虚拟语气；在某些表示“愿望、请求、建议、命令、决心”等意义的动词后的宾语从句中也要用虚拟语气，这类动词有：advise，ask，command，demand，insist，order，propose，request，require，recommend，suggest，urge等。
另外，当表语从句或同位语从句位于某些表示“建议、请求、命令”等意义的名词后时，同样需要用“（should）＋动词原形”构成谓语。这类名词有：advice，desire，decision，idea，order，plan，proposal，recommendation，request，suggestion等。
【高考考例】
1. It took me a long time before I was able to fully appreciate what they______ for me.
A. had done B. did
C. would do D. were doing
2. When you are home, give a call to let me know you______ safely.
A. are arriving B. have arrived
C. had arrived D. will arrive
解析 第1题选A。本题考查宾语从句的时态一致问题，整个句子时态是过去时，“我”能够表示感谢就表明已经是过去，而宾语从句（他们对我的帮助）则是过去的过去。因此选A。
第2题选B。句意为“当你到家的时候，打电话给我让我知道你已经到家了”。B选项使用现在完成时表示将来完成，意为“已经……”。
3. Teachers recommend parents______ their children under 12 to ride bicycles to school for safety.
A. not allow B. do not allow
C. mustn’t allow D. couldn’t allow
4. Mr Johnson insisted that the problem worthy of attention____________ (讨论) at the meeting. (discuss)
解析 第3题选A。recommend作“建议”讲，后接宾语从句，从句中的谓语动词要用“should+动词原形”，should也可省略。第4题答案：(should) be discussed。insist引导的宾语从句要用虚拟语气，从句结构是“（should）+动词原形”，主语problem是要“被讨论”。
考点二 考查引导名词从句的连接词
【高考考例】
As a new graduate, he doesn’t know______it takes to start a business here.
A. how B. what C. when D. which
解析 选B。句意为“作为一名新毕业生，他不知道在这里开始做生意需要什么”。空格后的宾语从句中takes是动词，其后缺少宾语，所以引导该宾语从句的连接词要用what。
Cindy shut the door heavily and burst into tears. No one in the office knew______ she was so angry.
A. where B. whether C. that D. why
解析 选D。句意为“Cindy重重地关上门，泪流满面。但是，办公室中没人知道她为什么如此生气”。根据句子结构可推断出后面讲的是重重地关上门及泪流满面的原因，而在四个选项中只有why可表示原因。
Before the sales start, I make a list of______
my kids will need for the coming season.
A. why B. what C. how D. which
解析 选B。句意为“在大甩卖开始前，我把孩子们在下个季节里要用到的东西列了一个清单”。分析句式结构可知，空格处在句中引导宾语从句且在从句中充当need的宾语，所以B项正确。which 引导名词性从句时多表示有一个明确范围的疑问。
How much one enjoys himself travelling depends largely on______ he goes with, whether his friends or relatives.
A. what B. who C. how D. why
解析 选B。根据句末的whether his friends or relatives可知应该是和谁去，故选B。句意为“一个人旅游有多么享受在很大程度上取决于他和谁去，无论是他的朋友还是亲戚”。
We haven’t discussed yet______ we are going to place our new furniture.
A. that B. which C. what D. where
解析 选D。句意为“我们还没有讨论把我们的新家具放在哪里”。题干中空格划在动词discuss的后面，因此考查宾语从句。根据句意，在宾语从句中缺少地点状语，因此选择D项。
To improve the quality of our products, we asked for suggestions had used the products.
A. whoever B. who
C. whichever D. which
解析 选A。该题中动词ask常用ask sb for sth，因此空格后作宾语的从句后置，用whoever引导宾语从句，whoever相当于anybody who，意为“任何一个……的人”。
— I prefer shutting myself in and listening to music all day on Sundays.
— That’s______ I don’t agree .You should have a more active life.
A. where B. how C. when D. what
解析 选A。本题考查的是when, where, why等连接副词引导的名词性从句。句意为“‘星期天我喜欢整天把自己关在家中听音乐。’‘我不赞同，你应该有更加主动、积极的生活。’”根据句子意思以及结构可知where I don’t agree在句子中作表语，表示抽象的概念，且agree是不及物动词，如果接宾语的话，后面应该加上介词。
考点三 考查what与that的区别
that引导名词性从句时，不在从句中作成分，不含疑问意义也没有实际意义，只起连接作用，在句首时不可省略。what引导名词性从句时既起连接作用，又要在从句中作主语或宾语，在任何情况下都不能省略。What在句中有具体意义，表示“……的内容”，具体可以译为“……的东西”、“……的时间”、“……的地点”、“……的事情”等。相当于the thing（s） which，the place which，the time which等。
【高考考例】
Part of the reason Charles Dickens loved his own novel, David Copperfield, was______ it was rather closely modeled on his own life.
A. what B. that C. why D. whether
解析 选B。表语从句中不缺成分，因此用that来引导。句意为“狄更斯喜欢他自己的小说《大卫•科波菲尔》的部分原因是小说创作非常贴近他本人的真实生活”。
考点四 考查名词性从句中的形式主语或形式宾语it
在名词性从句中，当主语从句或宾语从句较长时，为了保持句子平衡，常常用it作形式主语，而将真正的主语或宾语从句后置。
【高考考例】
It is uncertain______ side effect the medicine will bring about, although about two thousand patients have taken it.
A. that B. what C. how D. whether
解析 选B。句意为“尽管大约有两千名病人服用过这种药物，但是，它会带来什么样的副作用还不确定”。It是形式主语，真正的主语是后面连词引导的整个句子。side effect的意思是“副作用”，还原主语从句中的主干是the medicine will bring about______side effect，故选择what，作形容词“什么样的”，修饰后面的名词side effect。
It never occurred to me______ you could succeed in persuading him to change his mind.
A. which B. what C. that D. if
解析 选C。句意为“我从来没有想过你能成功说服他改变主意”。“你能成功说服他改变主意”陈述了一件事实，故用that引导，作主语从句，前面的it是形式主语。
【练习】
1. These shoes look very good. I wonder .
A. how much cost they are
B. how much do they cost
C. how much they cost
D. how much are they cost
2. — Hurry up! Alice and Sue are waiting for you at the school gate.
— Oh! I thought they______ without me.
A. went B. are going
C. have gone D. had gone
3. — Can you tell me______ they will hold their sports meeting at the end of this month?
— On their playground.
A. how B. when
C. where D. what
4. — What did your parents think about your decision?
— They always let me do______ I think I should.
A. when B. that
C. how D. what
5. A warm thought suddenly came to me
I might use the pocket money to buy some flowers for my mother’s birthday.
A. if B. when
C. that D. which
6. To tell you the truth, Mary as well as Kate is______ I most like to see at present.
A. which B. who
C. whom D. what
7.______ is our belief that improvements in health care will lead to a stronger, more prosperous economy.
A. As B. That
C. This D. It
8. What the doctors really doubt is______my mother will recover from the serious disease soon.
A. when B. how
C. whether D. why
9. We can’t figure out______ quite a number of insects, birds, and animals are dying out.
A. that B. as
C. why D. when
10. Why not try your luck downtown, Bob? That’s______ the best jobs are.
A. where B. what
C. when D. why
【参考答案】
1. C 2. D 3. C 4. D 5. C
6. D 7. D 8. C 9. C 10. A
名词性从句在句中除了关联词在从句之首外，其他部分应保持陈述句语序，不能受when, where, why, how等的影响而使用疑问句语序。
【高考考例】
When changing lanes, a driver should use his turning signal to let other drivers know______.
A. he is entering which lane
B. which lane he is entering
C. is he entering which lane
D. which lane is he entering
解析 选B。which引导的句子作know的宾语，从句中应用陈述语序。
此外，名词性从句要根据主句的时态来选择从句的时态，尤其是当主句为过去时的时候，要注意时态的呼应。另外，要注意在一些名词性从句中要用虚拟语气。如：在主语从句It is important/necessary/essential/desirable that (should) do以及这些形容词后面的宾语从句中要用虚拟语气；在“It+be+suggested等（表示命令、要求、建议等动词的过去分词）+从句”中，一般要用虚拟语气；在某些表示“愿望、请求、建议、命令、决心”等意义的动词后的宾语从句中也要用虚拟语气，这类动词有：advise，ask，command，demand，insist，order，propose，request，require，recommend，suggest，urge等。
另外，当表语从句或同位语从句位于某些表示“建议、请求、命令”等意义的名词后时，同样需要用“（should）＋动词原形”构成谓语。这类名词有：advice，desire，decision，idea，order，plan，proposal，recommendation，request，suggestion等。
【高考考例】
1. It took me a long time before I was able to fully appreciate what they______ for me.
A. had done B. did
C. would do D. were doing
2. When you are home, give a call to let me know you______ safely.
A. are arriving B. have arrived
C. had arrived D. will arrive
解析 第1题选A。本题考查宾语从句的时态一致问题，整个句子时态是过去时，“我”能够表示感谢就表明已经是过去，而宾语从句（他们对我的帮助）则是过去的过去。因此选A。
第2题选B。句意为“当你到家的时候，打电话给我让我知道你已经到家了”。B选项使用现在完成时表示将来完成，意为“已经……”。
3. Teachers recommend parents______ their children under 12 to ride bicycles to school for safety.
A. not allow B. do not allow
C. mustn’t allow D. couldn’t allow
4. Mr Johnson insisted that the problem worthy of attention____________ (讨论) at the meeting. (discuss)
解析 第3题选A。recommend作“建议”讲，后接宾语从句，从句中的谓语动词要用“should+动词原形”，should也可省略。第4题答案：(should) be discussed。insist引导的宾语从句要用虚拟语气，从句结构是“（should）+动词原形”，主语problem是要“被讨论”。
考点二 考查引导名词从句的连接词
【高考考例】
As a new graduate, he doesn’t know______it takes to start a business here.
A. how B. what C. when D. which
解析 选B。句意为“作为一名新毕业生，他不知道在这里开始做生意需要什么”。空格后的宾语从句中takes是动词，其后缺少宾语，所以引导该宾语从句的连接词要用what。
Cindy shut the door heavily and burst into tears. No one in the office knew______ she was so angry.
A. where B. whether C. that D. why
解析 选D。句意为“Cindy重重地关上门，泪流满面。但是，办公室中没人知道她为什么如此生气”。根据句子结构可推断出后面讲的是重重地关上门及泪流满面的原因，而在四个选项中只有why可表示原因。
Before the sales start, I make a list of______
my kids will need for the coming season.
A. why B. what C. how D. which
解析 选B。句意为“在大甩卖开始前，我把孩子们在下个季节里要用到的东西列了一个清单”。分析句式结构可知，空格处在句中引导宾语从句且在从句中充当need的宾语，所以B项正确。which 引导名词性从句时多表示有一个明确范围的疑问。
How much one enjoys himself travelling depends largely on______ he goes with, whether his friends or relatives.
A. what B. who C. how D. why
解析 选B。根据句末的whether his friends or relatives可知应该是和谁去，故选B。句意为“一个人旅游有多么享受在很大程度上取决于他和谁去，无论是他的朋友还是亲戚”。
We haven’t discussed yet______ we are going to place our new furniture.
A. that B. which C. what D. where
解析 选D。句意为“我们还没有讨论把我们的新家具放在哪里”。题干中空格划在动词discuss的后面，因此考查宾语从句。根据句意，在宾语从句中缺少地点状语，因此选择D项。
To improve the quality of our products, we asked for suggestions had used the products.
A. whoever B. who
C. whichever D. which
解析 选A。该题中动词ask常用ask sb for sth，因此空格后作宾语的从句后置，用whoever引导宾语从句，whoever相当于anybody who，意为“任何一个……的人”。
— I prefer shutting myself in and listening to music all day on Sundays.
— That’s______ I don’t agree .You should have a more active life.
A. where B. how C. when D. what
解析 选A。本题考查的是when, where, why等连接副词引导的名词性从句。句意为“‘星期天我喜欢整天把自己关在家中听音乐。’‘我不赞同，你应该有更加主动、积极的生活。’”根据句子意思以及结构可知where I don’t agree在句子中作表语，表示抽象的概念，且agree是不及物动词，如果接宾语的话，后面应该加上介词。
考点三 考查what与that的区别
that引导名词性从句时，不在从句中作成分，不含疑问意义也没有实际意义，只起连接作用，在句首时不可省略。what引导名词性从句时既起连接作用，又要在从句中作主语或宾语，在任何情况下都不能省略。What在句中有具体意义，表示“……的内容”，具体可以译为“……的东西”、“……的时间”、“……的地点”、“……的事情”等。相当于the thing（s） which，the place which，the time which等。
【高考考例】
Part of the reason Charles Dickens loved his own novel, David Copperfield, was______ it was rather closely modeled on his own life.
A. what B. that C. why D. whether
解析 选B。表语从句中不缺成分，因此用that来引导。句意为“狄更斯喜欢他自己的小说《大卫•科波菲尔》的部分原因是小说创作非常贴近他本人的真实生活”。
考点四 考查名词性从句中的形式主语或形式宾语it
在名词性从句中，当主语从句或宾语从句较长时，为了保持句子平衡，常常用it作形式主语，而将真正的主语或宾语从句后置。
【高考考例】
It is uncertain______ side effect the medicine will bring about, although about two thousand patients have taken it.
A. that B. what C. how D. whether
解析 选B。句意为“尽管大约有两千名病人服用过这种药物，但是，它会带来什么样的副作用还不确定”。It是形式主语，真正的主语是后面连词引导的整个句子。side effect的意思是“副作用”，还原主语从句中的主干是the medicine will bring about______side effect，故选择what，作形容词“什么样的”，修饰后面的名词side effect。
It never occurred to me______ you could succeed in persuading him to change his mind.
A. which B. what C. that D. if
解析 选C。句意为“我从来没有想过你能成功说服他改变主意”。“你能成功说服他改变主意”陈述了一件事实，故用that引导，作主语从句，前面的it是形式主语。
【练习】
1. These shoes look very good. I wonder .
A. how much cost they are
B. how much do they cost
C. how much they cost
D. how much are they cost
2. — Hurry up! Alice and Sue are waiting for you at the school gate.
— Oh! I thought they______ without me.
A. went B. are going
C. have gone D. had gone
3. — Can you tell me______ they will hold their sports meeting at the end of this month?
— On their playground.
A. how B. when
C. where D. what
4. — What did your parents think about your decision?
— They always let me do______ I think I should.
A. when B. that
C. how D. what
5. A warm thought suddenly came to me
I might use the pocket money to buy some flowers for my mother’s birthday.
A. if B. when
C. that D. which
6. To tell you the truth, Mary as well as Kate is______ I most like to see at present.
A. which B. who
C. whom D. what
7.______ is our belief that improvements in health care will lead to a stronger, more prosperous economy.
A. As B. That
C. This D. It
8. What the doctors really doubt is______my mother will recover from the serious disease soon.
A. when B. how
C. whether D. why
9. We can’t figure out______ quite a number of insects, birds, and animals are dying out.
A. that B. as
C. why D. when
10. Why not try your luck downtown, Bob? That’s______ the best jobs are.
A. where B. what
C. when D. why
【参考答案】
1. C 2. D 3. C 4. D 5. C
6. D 7. D 8. C 9. C 10. A