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本文是笔者与奥里柯利(Orioli)博士合撰的有关中国西南考古的一个初步研究札记。我们想探究,自云南中部湖泊平原以至横断山脉(滇西北、藏部、青海东南及川西)这一广阔区域的诸多族群,经历了什么样的社会与经济进程,而发展出一种更为专门化的生业系统,以适应统一的“汉人国家”基于资源需求的扩张。在这样多元的地形与生态环境下,我们认为约在公元前第二千纪晚期至公元前第一千纪初,西南地区早期文化发展出了两个互为补充的社会整合层次:第一层次为区域性精英阶级之间的整合,他们彼此存在对等的地位;第二层次为区域性精英阶级与中国大河流域的扩张的“国家系统”的整合。在整理康区出土的考古材料后,本文有以下初步认识:第一,生态环境的差异,是影响着当地社会文化演变的一个原因;第二,康区可视之为中亚地区游牧世界的南端。我们意识到目前的资料仅允许对这一广布的文化现象做宏观角度的宽泛描述,但我们期望本文的研究可以开启“草原考古”研究的新线索。
This article is a preliminary study of the southwest archeology in China by the author and Dr. Orioli. We want to explore what kind of social and economic processes experienced by many ethnic groups in the vast plains from the central Yunnan Plain in the Yellow River and the Hengduan Mountains (northwestern Yunnan, Tibet, southeastern Qinghai and western Sichuan) and to develop a more specialized The Habitat system to adapt to a unified “Han nationality” based on the expansion of resource needs. In this diverse terrain and ecological environment, we think about early 20th century BC BC to early BC BC, early Southwest China developed two complementary social integration levels: the first level For the integration between the regional elites, they have equal status with each other. The second level is the integration of the regional elite with the expanded “national system” of the great river basins in China. After sorting out the archaeological materials unearthed in Kham, this article has the following preliminary understanding: First, the differences in ecological environment are one of the factors that influence the local social and cultural evolution. Second, the Kham area can be regarded as the nomadic world in Central Asia South end. We are aware that the current data only allow a broad description of this broad cultural phenomenon from a macro perspective, but we expect that the research in this article will open up new clues to the study of “Prairie Archeology.”