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在营养学和毒理学的研究中,大鼠是首选的动物种属。Donaldson早在1924年就认为具有相同饮食习惯的哺乳动物间有相似之处。以同等年龄为基础时,有可能从一种动物得到的结果准确地转用于它种动物。大鼠作为实验室动物普遍应用是由于体积小、生长迅速、怀孕期短及多育能力等。大鼠是杂食动物,且可进食含高浓度受试物质的粉碎饲料,因此有可能从食物消耗量测定实际剂量。啮齿动物和人类之间,在生理学和解剖学方面有许多相似之处,因此用大鼠进行毒理学评价是恰当的。当然,也不能忽视质和量上的不同影响种属间推理的程度。在毒理学研究中,实验动物种属的选择是根据对所研究毒物的敏感性,或与人类代谢的相同性。实际上
In studies of nutrition and toxicology, rats are the preferred animal species. As early as 1924, Donaldson shared similarities among mammals who shared the same diet. Based on the same age, it is possible that the results obtained from one animal may be accurately transferred to other species. The widespread use of rats as laboratory animals is due to small size, rapid growth, short gestation and multiple fertility. Rats are omnivores and can consume comminuted feed containing high concentrations of test substance, so it is possible to determine the actual dose from the consumption of food. There are many similarities in physiology and anatomy between rodents and humans, so it is appropriate to conduct toxicological evaluation in rats. Of course, we can not ignore the different qualitative and quantitative factors that affect the degree of interspecies reasoning. In toxicological studies, the choice of laboratory animal species is based on the sensitivity to the toxicants studied, or on the same human metabolism. In fact